Review Article

Risk Factors for Endothelial Decompensation after Penetrating Keratoplasty and Its Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Table 3

Studies on risk factors for endothelial decompensation.

StudyRisk factors discussed in the researchesSample sizeOutcome
Significant factorsNot significant factors

Lass et al. [3]Donor status (history of diabetes)1090Graft failure and ECD at 10 years
Sugar et al. [7]Recipient factors (age, indication, glaucoma, smoking)Recipient factors (race, sex, diabetes)1090Graft failure at 10 years
Williams et al. [10]Donor status (age)Donor status (cause of death)10952Graft failure
Operative factors (graft size)Operative factors (the impact of the surgeon)
Recipient factors (indication, glaucoma, number of previous ipsilateral grafts)Recipient factors (age)
Inoue et al. [11]Operative factors (operation time)Donor status(age)271Graft failure
Recipient factors (age, lens status, transplant number)Operative factors (graft size, suture technique)
Xiao and Xie [16]Recipient factors (indication)151Endothelial decompensation
Lass et al. [28]Donor status(age, sex)Donor status (race, cause of death, history of diabetes)567Endothelial cell loss at 5 years
Operative factors (graft size)Operative factors (method of retrieval, death to preservation time)
Recipient factors (age, race, sex, indication, glaucoma)
Lass et al. [31]Donor status (age, preoperative donor ECD)Recipient factors (age)176ECD at 10 years
Operative factors (graft size)
Bertelmann et al. [37]Recipient factors (glaucoma)Donor status (age, preoperative donor ECD)293Endothelial cell loss at 36 months
Recipient factors (indication)
Wakefield et al. [38]Donor status (age, preoperative donor ECD)9415Endothelial failure at 5 years
Yu et al. [39]Donor status (age, preoperative donor ECD)Donor status (sex, race, cause of death, history of diabetes)377Graft failure
Recipient factors (age, indication, glaucoma)Operative factors (death to preservation time, storage time)
Recipient factors (race, sex, laterality)
Armitage et al. [40]Donor status (sex)Donor status (age, preoperative donor ECD)3014Graft failure at 5 years
Operative factors (postoperative surgical procedures, donor/recipient trephine difference)Operative factors (graft size, death to preservation time, storage time, suturing method)
Recipient factors (indication, glaucoma, infection)Recipient factors (age, donor-recipient age difference, sex)
Sugar et al. [41]Recipient factors (indication, glaucoma)Operative factors (graft size)1090Graft failure at 5 years
Recipient factors (age, sex, diabetes, smoking)
Sugar et al. [42]Donor status (sex, cause of death, history of diabetes, preoperative donor ECD)1090Graft failure at 5 years
Operative factors (method of retrieval, death to preservation time, endothelial cell damage
Descemet folds, epithelial defects)
Gal et al. [43]Donor status (age)1090Graft failure at 5 years
Borderie et al. [44]Donor status (age, preoperative donor ECD)231Graft failure at 1 year and ECD at 2 years
Operative factors (graft size, storage time)
Recipient factors (age, indication, glaucoma)
Chung et al. [45]Operative factors (graft size)90ECD at 2 years
Recipient factors (indication)
Szentmary et al. [46]Operative factors (the impact of the surgeon)370ECD

Data from the same group and same research population.