Nanophthalmos: A Review of the Clinical Spectrum and Genetics

Table 1

The clinical spectrum of the small eye phenotype.

Anophthalmia	Absence of the eye
Simple microphthalmos	Short axial length due to global eye reduction with no other findings
Complex microphthalmos	Short axial length due to global eye reduction and associated ocular malformations (e.g., colobomas, persistent fetal vasculature, retinal dysplasia)
Relative anterior microphthalmos	Short axial length due to reduced anterior chamber dimension only, with normal posterior segment dimension and normal scleral thickness
Posterior microphthalmos	Short axial length due to reduced posterior segment dimension with normal anterior chamber dimensions
Nanophthalmos	Short axial length due to small anterior and posterior segments with thickened choroid and sclera and normal lens volume