Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology: General Overview

Table 2

Concise introduction of CNN algorithms used in AI diagnosis.

Models	Layers	Top-5 error (%)	ILSVRC
AlexNet (2012)	8 layers	15.3	2012
VGG (2014)	19 layers	7.3	2014
ResNet-152 (2015)	152 layers	3.57	2015
ResNet-101	101 layers	4.6	—
ResNet-50	50 layers	5.25	—
ResNet-34	34 layers	5.6	—
GoogleNet/inception v1 (2014) [34]	22 layers	6.7	2014
Inception v2 (2015) [35]	33 layers	4.8	—
Inception v3 (2015) [36]	47 layers	3.5	—
Inception v4 (2016) [37]	77 layers	3.08	—

The fraction of test images for which the correct label is not among the five labels considered most probable by the algorithm. The lower the top-5 error, the better the classifier perform. ^#ImageNet large-scale visual recognition challenge.