Comparison of Autorefraction and Photorefraction with and without Cycloplegia Using 1% Tropicamide in Preschool Children

Table 2

Differences in mean spherical equivalent, mean spherical power, mean cylindrical power, and mean cylindrical axis (DA) values that were obtained by photorefraction without cycloplegia and autorefraction with cycloplegia.

Refractive parameter	Photorefraction without cycloplegia/autorefraction with cycloplegia
	Mean ± SD	Range
DSE, D	−0.39 ± 0.93	–1.51 to 3.62	0.021
DS, D	−0.44 ± 1.02	–1.75 to 3.75	0.016
DC, D	0.10 ± 0.48	–2.00 to 1.00	0.75
DA, D	0.28 ± 0.30	0.00 to 2.18	NA

D: diopters; SD: standard deviation; DSE: difference in mean spherical equivalent; DS: difference in mean spherical power; DC: difference in mean cylindrical power; ; NA: not applicable.