Association between Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and Risk of Depression: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Table 2
Analyses of risk factors for depression in patients with and without CSC.
Predictive variables
Univariate analysis
Multivariate analysis
Unadjusted HR (95% CI)
value
Adjusted HR (95% CI)
value
CSC (yes vs. no)
1.32 (1.25–1.40)
<0.0001
1.29 (1.22–1.34)
<0.0001
Age
30–40
Reference
Reference
40–50
1.04 (0.98–1.10)
0.24
1.08 (1.02–1.15)
0.01
50–60
1.30 (1.21–1.39)
<0.0001
1.23 (1.14–1.33)
<0.0001
60–70
1.61 (1.46–1.77)
<0.0001
1.33 (1.20–1.47)
<0.0001
≥70
2.17 (1.94–2.43)
<0.0001
1.61 (1.42–1.83)
<0.0001
Gender (male vs. female)
0.66 (0.62–0.69)
<0.0001
0.68 (0.65–0.72)
<0.0001
Charlson comorbidity index
<2
Reference
Reference
≥2
1.49 (1.39–1.60)
<0.0001
1.17 (1.08–1.27)
0.0001
Insurance cost
<30000 NTD
Reference
Reference
≥30000 NTD
0.67 (0.64–0.71)
<0.0001
0.76 (0.72–0.81)
<0.0001
Urbanization level
Urban
Reference
Reference
Rural
0.94 (0.86–1.04)
0.25
0.98 (0.93–1.04)
0.55
Hypertension (yes vs. no)
1.40 (1.31–1.48)
<0.0001
1.01 (0.94–1.09)
0.78
Peptic ulcer (yes vs. no)
1.90 (1.76–2.04)
<0.0001
1.53 (1.41–1.66)
<0.0001
Smoking (yes vs. no)
1.66 (1.54–1.79)
<0.0001
1.20 (1.10–1.31)
<0.0001
CSC indicates central serous chorioretinopathy, NTD indicates New Taiwan Dollar, HR indicates hazard ratio, and CI indicates confidence interval. In the multivariable analysis, all the other variables in the table are included for adjustment.
