Inner Retinal Layer and Outer Retinal Layer Findings after Macular Hole Surgery Assessed by means of Optical Coherence Tomography

Table 2

Prognostic value of postoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) external retinal layers after macular hole (MH) repair surgery.

OCT layer	Authors	Year	Type of study	Eyes/patients	ILM peeling (yes/no)	Dye	MH diameter (μm, mean ± SD and/or range)	Mean follow-up (months)	Comment
OFD	Kang et al. [43]	2010	Retrospective	96/93	NA	NA	333.5 ± 126.3 with OFD; 504.2 ± 155.6 without OFD	14.4	OFD associated with better preoperative and postoperative BCVA
	Powers et al. [45]	2018	Retrospective	104	Yes	NA	NA	NA	ORD may represent a normal state of recovery after MH repair with ILM peeling
ELM	Wakabayashi et al. [48]	2010	Retrospective	40/40	Yes	Indocyanine green dye or triamcinolone acetonide	623 ± 303 (144–1235)	12	Reconstruction of ELM at 3 months associated with better BCVA at 3 and 12 months
	Bottoni et al. [44]	2011	Prospective	19/19	Yes	Indocyanine green or brilliant blue G	NA	12	Combined recovery of ELM, EZ, and ONL determined VA improvement, but ELM was first structure to recover after MH closure
	Ooka et al. [50]	2011	Prospective	43/43	Yes	Indocyanine green dye or triamcinolone acetonide	NA	6	Length of both EZ and ELM defects significantly correlated with postoperative BCVA and foveal sensitivity
EZ	Sano et al. [42]	2009	Retrospective	28/27	Yes	Indocyanine green	NA	7.7	EZ was the only relevant factor affecting postoperative BCVA at six months
	Michalewska et al. [20]	2010	Retrospective	71/66	Yes	Trypan blue	666–1386	12	BCVA correlated with EZ. 93% had EZ defects at 1 week; only 29.5% had EZ defects at 12 months
	Oh et al. [46]	2010	Retrospective	23/23	Yes	None or indocyanine green dye or triamcinolone acetonide	104–998	3	Larger diameter of EZ defect and apparent glial sealing correlated with worse postoperative BCVA
	Chang et al. [51]	2015	Retrospective	60/56	Yes	Indocyanine green	NA	12	Postoperative BCVA correlated with restored ELM and EZ line and resolved glial cells
COST or PROS length	Itoh et al. [53]	2012	Retrospective	51/51	Yes	Indocyanine green dye or triamcinolone acetonide	336 ± 152 (136–946)	12	Preoperative length of COST line defect correlated with postoperative BCVA at 12 months
	Hashimoto et al. [49]	2015	Retrospective	24/23	Yes	Triamcinolone acetonide	NA	28.7	Postoperative BCVA correlated exclusively with foveal PROS elongation

SD: standard deviation; NA: not assessed; OFD: outer foveolar defects; ELM: external limiting membrane; EZ: ellipsoid zone; COST: cone outer segment tips; PROS: photoreceptor outer segment.