Journal of Ophthalmology

Research Article

Systemic Factors Related to Intraocular Levels of Interleukin-6 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Diabetic Retinopathy

Table 1

Clinical and biochemical characteristics of study population (n = 42).


	Eyes

Gender, male	31 (73.8)
Age, years	56.0 (19.0–71.0)
Duration of diabetes (years)	10.5 (1.0–37.0)
Body mass index (kg/m²)	23.9 (20.0–31.6)
History of laser photocoagulation, yes	29 (69.0)
Tractional retinal detachment, yes	13 (31.0)
Epiretinal membrane, yes	4 (9.5)
Vitreous hemorrhage, yes	25 (59.5)
Insulin treatment, yes	27 (45.0)
Hypertension, yes	28 (66.7)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	131.5 (98.0–170.0)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	80.0 (53.0–110.0)
Alcohol consumption, yes^†	8 (19.1)
Smoking status, yes^‡	8 (19.1)
HbA1c (%)	8.2 (5.7–13.3)
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	149.0 (70.0–302.0)
Postprandial glucose (mg/dL)	205.0 (85.0–405.0)
HOMA-IR	4.4 (0.5–42.4)
HOMA-beta	58.3 (5.8–1827.3)
C-peptide (ng/ml)	2.1 (0.0–6.2)
Insulin (μU/ml)	11.6 (1.6–81.7)
Microalbuminuria (μg/ml)	86.1 (3–2400.7)
Serum BUN (mg/dL)	66.1 (1.4–331.3)
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	0.9 (0.4–11.9)
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	177.5 (92.0–431.0)
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	128.5 (30.0–492.0)
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	38.5 (23.0–84.0)
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	93.5 (39.0–249.0)
Apolipoprotein-A (mg/dL)	118.0 (72.0–195.0)
Apolipoprotein-B (mg/dL)	87.0 (43.0–203.0)
Lipoprotein A (mg/dL)	15.2 (2.6–150.0)

Hypertension was defined using the average of two blood pressure readings with cut points of systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or hypertension medication use. ^†Alcohol drinking status was described as yes if the patient consumed alcohol at least once a week in the past 6 months. ^‡Smoking status was determined by seven cigarettes per week in the past 6 months. HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; HOMA-beta, homeostasis model assessment-beta; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; IL, interleukin; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor. Values are represented in frequency and percentage for categorical variables and mean and range for continuous variables.