Cytokines and the Pathogenesis of Macular Edema in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Figure 2

Vitreous fluid VEGF level and retinal nonperfusion in representative cases. Fluorescein angiograms. (a) Mild ischemia (15.6 pg/ml). The VEGF level is often 30–40 pg/ml in patients with mild nonperfusion. (b) Moderate ischemia (338 pg/ml). The VEGF level is often 300 pg/ml or higher when there is moderate nonperfusion. (c) Severe ischemia (2,570 pg/ml). The VEGF is often 2000–3000 pg/ml when nonperfusion is severe.

(a)

(b)

(c)