Simultaneous Changes in Astigmatism with Noncycloplegia Refraction and Ocular Biometry in Chinese Primary Schoolchildren

Table 1

Cylinder refraction and axis of CSA children in different age groups.

Age (y)	Cylinder refraction^a (D)	value	Axis of astigmatism^b (≤−0.75 D)			value
			WTR	ATR	OBL
6	−1.38 ± 0.85	0.67	66 (78.6%)	2 (2.4%)	16 (19.0%)	0.7
7	−1.34 ± 0.78		88 (72.7%)	6 (5.0%)	27 (22.3%)
8	−1.47 ± 0.78		79 (79.0%)	3 (3.0%)	18 (18.0%)
9	−1.38 ± 0.71		16 (72.7%)	0 (0.0%)	6 (27.3%)

D, diopters; y, years; WTR, with-the-rule; ATR, against-the-rule; OBL, oblique. ^aMeans ± standard deviations; ^bnumber of eyes (%); ANOVA; χ² test.