Influence of Angle κ and Higher-Order Aberrations on Visual Quality Employing Two Diffractive Trifocal IOLs

Figure 1

Pupillary diameter display and diagram of κ angle distance. (a) Comparison of pupillary diameter under mesopic and photopic conditions. (b) Diagram of κ angle formed by the visual axis and the pupillary axis. (c) Graphic representation of κ angle, visual axis, and pupillary axis, showing the center of the visual axis (green cross, representing the center of the reflection points), corneal center (violet dot in diagram, similar to the anatomic center), and pupillary center (blue dot, representing the center of the circle). The radial distance between the green cross and the violet dot represents angle alpha (α). The radial distance between the blue dot and the green cross represents angle κ (κ). The + sign represents the positive angle; and the—sign represents the negative angle.

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