Inferior Oblique Muscle Overaction: Clinical Features and Surgical Management

Table 1

Demographic and ophthalmologic examination findings of the patients with IOOA.

	Total (n: 173)	Primary IOOA (n: 142)	Secondary IOOA (n: 31)	value
Age (years)	9.15 ± 7.9	7.75 ± 5.96	15 ± 12.05	0.001^a
Gender
Male	88	73	15
Female	85	69	16	0.84^b
Primary position
Orthotropia	44	22	22
Esotropia	93	88	5
Exotropia	36	32	4	0.001^b
Spherical equivalent	+1.25 (−5.5 to +9.75)	+1.25 (−5.5 to +9.75)	+0.25 (−1.5 to +5.25)	0.001^a
IOOA
Unilateral	83	53	30
Bilateral	90	89	1	0.001^b
AHP	51	31	20	0.001^b
Pattern strabismus	35	34	1	0.019^b
Convergence insufficiency	19	18	1	0.21^b

IOOA: inferior oblique muscle overaction; AHP: abnormal head posture; ^aMann–Whitney U test; ^bx² test.