Retinal Capillary Nonperfusion on OCT-Angiography and Its Relationship to Kidney Function in Patients with Diabetes

Table 1

Characteristics of ten participants in the continuous glucose monitoring to assess glycemia in chronic kidney disease study with successful retinal imaging by optical coherence tomography angiography.

Demographics
Age	72.0 (6.9)
Male	6 (60%)
Race/ethnicity
White	7 (70%)
Black	1 (10%)
Others	2 (20%)
Health history
Current smoking	0 (0)
History of myocardial infarction	0 (0)
History of heart failure	1 (10%)
History of stroke	1 (10%)
Duration of diabetes (years)	19.9 (6.6)
Medication use
Insulin	8 (80%)
Insulin dose (units/kg/day)	0.59 (0.49)
Insulin secretagogues	4 (40%)
Other glucose-lowering agents	3 (30%)
Antihypertensive medications	9 (90%)
ACEi/ARBs	7 (70%)
Beta blockers	7 (70%)
Lipid-lowering medications	9 (90%)
Statins	9 (90%)
Physical characteristics
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	31.8 (4.4)
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	139.3 (19.0)
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	70.9 (11.5)
Laboratory values
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	45.4 (11.0)
Urine ACR (mg/g), median (IQR)	162.1 (68.0–626.8)
Hemoglobin A1c (%)	8.1 (1.3)
DR status by participants
Yes	6 (60%)
No	4 (40%)

Entries above represent the mean (SD) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. Other glucose-lowering agents include dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-likepeptide-1 agonists, biguanides, sodium-glucosecotransporter-2 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. ACEi/ARBs: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers.