Author No. of eyes (type of tamponade) Mean follow-up in months (range) Lens status Mean visual acuity evolution (logMAR) Percentage of eyes that gained /lost VA Anatomical evolution Comments Garretson et al. [39 ] 27 (22 gas or air) 9 (2–33) Mean improvement 3.2 lines 93% gained VA 4.7% of eyes developed FTMH Androudi et al. [36 ] 20 (C3F8) (12–46) 60% were pseudophakic Mean improvement 2.6 lines 85% gained VA 70% almost normal foveal contour Michalewska et al. [37 ] 26 (No tamponade) 12 19.2% phaco in the first year Initial VA 0.2 Snellen 92% gained 2 lines 50% normal foveal contour Eyes with fotoreceptor damage ⟶ final VA <0.2 Snellen Figueroa et al. [43 ] 12 (C3F8) 16.1 No phaco Initial VA 0.34 75% gained 2 lines 16.6% of eyes developed FTMH Casparis and Bovey [49 ] 45 (43 air or gas) 38% phaco Initial VA 0.4 58% gained 2 lines Parolini et al. [16 ] 19 (air) 12 36% pseudophakic Dense ERM: 73% gained VA 15.7% of eyes developed FTMH Lee et al. [40 ] 31 (SF6) 39 (12–80) 29% were pseudophakic Initial VA 0.41 58.1% gained 2 lines 62.5% normal foveal contour Lee et al. [50 ] 30 16.6% were pseudophakic Initial VA 0.51 63% gained VA In the group with intact IS/OS, VA increased from 20/50 to 20/32 Celik et al. [25 ] 19 (SF6 or C2F6) 17.5 42% phaco Initial VA 0.54 10.5% of eyes developed FTMH Eyes with IS/OS defects did not improve VA even if defects were closed Sun et al. [41 ] 30 16.9 46.6% were pseudophakic With C3F8: 83% gained VA IS/OS defects: Final BCVA is associated with intact IS/OS line Sato et al. [38 ] 41 6 85.3% phaco With air: 2 lines VA gain: IS/OS disruption in 5 eyes⟶restored postoperatively No significant difference in the initial and final VA between eyes with/without air tamponade Lai et al. [42 ] 43 (C3F8) Minimum 12 Initial VA 0.78 IS/OS defects VA increased similarly in both groups (with/without LHEP) Ko et al. [51 ] 58/73 LHEP 21.5 Phaco 75.9% Initial VA 0.3 No patient with IS/OS disruption had restored IS/OS line Final VA significantly better in eyes without LHEP Coassin et al. [31 ] 106 (air/SF6/C3F8) 36 (1–116) 37% phaco-vit Initial VA 0.45 53% gained 2 lines 2.8% of eyes have developed FTMH VA improved in tractional and mixed, but not in degenerative LMH Purtskhvanidze et al. [27 ] 11 85 (60–140) 28% were pseudophakic Initial VA 0.4 Figueroa et al. [52 ] 77 tractional LMH (with premacular membranes) 30.8 (6–96) 12.6% phaco-vit Initial VA 0.39 14.3% initial outer retina disruption The type of tamponade did not influence anatomical success Guber et al. [53 ] 36 3 63.9% phaco-vit Initial VA 0.3 72% gained VA 92% improved foveal contour Morescalchi et al. [44 ] 24 degenerative LMH (with LHEP) 6 Initial VA 0.44 79% restoration of foveal appearance Fovea sparing technique (ILM left intact 2 optic disc diameters around fovea) Takahashi et al. [46 ] 34 degenerative LMH (of which 10 had high myopia) 30 (12–82) 67.6% phaco-vit Initial VA 0.31 47% gained 2 lines 59% recovery of ERM Embedding of LHEP into the retinal cleavage of the LMH
