Visual Impairment Prevalence, Causes, and Role of Healthcare Access: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Iran

Table 1

Population-based studies reporting on the prevalence of blindness and low vision in Iranian people.

Study	Fotouhi et al. [17]	Hashemi et al. [18]	Shahriari et al. [19]	Katibeh et al. [20]	Hashemi et al. [21]	Hashemi et al. [22]	Soori et al. [23]	Yekta et al. [24]
Location	Tehran	Khaf	Sīstān va Balūchestān	Yazd	Khuzestan and Mazandaran	Shahroud	Tehran	Sari
Rural/urban status	Urban	Rural	Rural/urban	Rural/Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural/Urban	Urban
Sets, n	1	1	1	1	2	1	1	1
Study year	2002	2011	2004–2005	2010–2011	2015	2009–2010	2006	2010–2011
Population age, years	1 to +70 y/o	1 to +70 y/o	≥10 y/o	40–80 y/o	≥1 y/o	40–64 y/o	1 to +70 y/o	≥55 y/o
Sample size	6497	3475	6483	2320	3851	6311	11975	1185
Response rate (%)	70.3	45.8	84	90.4	86.5	82.2	90.4	79.1
Criteria of blindness definition	VA < 3/60 in better eye	VA < 20/400 in better eye	VA < 3/60 in better eye	VA < 3/60 in better eye	VA < 20/400 in better eye	VA < 20/400 in better eye	VA < 20/400 in better eye	VA < 20/400 in better eye
Criteria of low vision definition	3/60 < BCVA < 20/60 in better eye	VA = 20/60 or VA < 20/400 in better eye	3/60 < VA < 20/60 in better eye	3/60 ≤ BCVA < 20/60 in better eye	20/400 ≤ VA <  20/60 in better eye	20/400 ≤ VA < 20/60 in better eye	20/400 ≤ VA< 20/60 in better eye	20/400 ≤ VA < 20/60 in better eye
Visual acuity	BCVA, PVA^ǂ	PVA	Pinhole	BCVA	PVA	BCVA, PVA	BCVA	BCVA, PVA

VA: visual acuity, BCVA: best-corrected visual acuity, and ^ǂ PVA: presenting visual acuity.