Retinal Structural and Microvascular Alterations in Different Acute Ischemic Stroke Subtypes

Table 1

Demographic characteristics of study subjects.

	LAA	SAA	Control
Eyes,	28	41	65	—	—	—	—
Age, y, mean ± SD	60.07 ± 10.10	58.83 ± 7.72	59.00 ± 7.20	0.797	0.529	0.557	0.915
Sex, female(%)	8 (28.6)	11 (26.8)	27 (41.5)	0.231	0.874	0.236	0.124
BMI	24.90 ± 2.97	24.53 ± 2.87	25.08 ± 2.38	0.596	0.580	0.776	0.310
SE, diopter	0.43 ± 1.33	0.38 ± 1.18	0.24 ± 1.06	0.741	0.860	0.497	0.567
BCVA, LogMAR	0.02 ± 0.12	0.01 ± 0.10	-0.03 ± 0.08	0.024	0.619	0.018	0.037
AL, mm	23.30 ± 0.95	23.37 ± 0.89	23.14 ± 0.91	0.550	0.777	0.528	0.294
IOP, mm Hg	12.05 ± 2.56	12.68 ± 3.19	12.15 ± 2.53	0.559	0.363	0.877	0.341
SBP, mm Hg	151.61 ± 21.85	155.22 ± 17.15	134.37 ± 14.79	<0.001	0.393	<0.001	<0.001
DBP, mm Hg	87.64 ± 13.28	90.61 ± 12.92	85.80 ± 11.89	0.160	0.335	0.516	0.056
MAP, mm Hg	108.96 ± 14.05	112.15 ± 12.53	101.99 ± 11.50	<0.001	0.296	0.014	<0.001
Hypertension, n(%)	21 (75.0)	35 (85.4)	23 (35.4)	<0.001	0.280	<0.001	<0.001
Hyperlipidemia, n(%)	9 (32.1)	5 (12.2)	17 (26.2)	0.112	0.043	0.555	0.084
Current smoker, n(%)	16 (57.1)	21 (51.2)	24 (36.9)	0.135	0.628	0.071	0.147
Diabetes, n(%)	7 (25.0)	5 (12.2)	3 (4.6)	0.016	0.205	0.007	0.256
Previous ischemic heart disease, n(%)	2 (7.1)	3 (7.3)	2 (3.1)	0.527	>0.999	0.581	0.373
HbA1c, (%)	5.95 (5.53–6.28)	5.80 (5.55–6.20)	—	0.433	—	—	—
TG, mmol/L	1.99 (1.30–2.97)	1.58 (1.18–1.87)	—	0.051	—	—	—
TC, mmol/L	4.81 ± 0.96	4.48 ± 0.76	—	0.117	—	—	—
HDL-C, mmol/L	2.78 (0.80–1.13)	0.95 (0.81–1.13)	—	0.898	—	—	—
LDL-C, mmol/L	2.73 ± 0.68	2.57 ± 0.76	—	0.353	—	—	—
HCY, μmol/L	10.60 (8.75–15.20)	10.20 (8.98–13.90)	—	0.684	—	—	—
Cr, μmol/L	65.65 (57.90–77.83)	68.50 (58.50–81.73)	—	0.501	—	—	—
NIHSS score, mean ± SD (range)	2 (1–3)	1 (1–2)	—	0.097	—	—	—

LAA, large-artery atherosclerosis; SAA, small-vessel occlusion; BMI, body mass index; SE, spherical equivalent; BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; AL, axial length; IOP, noncontact intraocular pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin; TG, total triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein; HCY, homocysteine; Cr, creatinine; NIHSS, NIH Stroke Scale; M, male; F, female; value among the three groups; and values between LAA and SAA; and values between LAA and control; and value between SAA and control.