Characteristics of Facial Asymmetry in Congenital Superior Oblique Palsy according to Trochlear Nerve Absence
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of congenital superior oblique palsy patients with the absence of a trochlear nerve (absent group) and the presence of a trochlear nerve (present group) compared with controls.
Absent group (n = 173)
Present group (n = 114)
Control (n = 82)
value
Age at examination
21.7 ± 22.8
22.8 ± 20.1
16.9 ± 17.3
0.122a
Male gender
101 (58%)
68 (60%)
45 (55%)
0.792c
Cycloplegic refractive errors (D)
−0.23 ± 2.03
−0.57 ± 2.52
−0.37 ± 2.67
0.488a
Anisometropia >1.50 (D)
9 (5%)
10 (9%)
11(13%)
0.080c
Amblyopia
15 (9%)
2 (2%)
6 (7%)
0.054c
Horizontal strabismus
86 (50%)
67 (59%)
69 (84%)
<0.001a
Exotropia
80/86 (93%)
57/67 (85%)
52/69 (75%)
—
Esotropia
6/86 (7%)
10/67 (15%)
17/69 (25%)
—
Unilateral SOP
171 (99%)
114 (100%)
—
0.255c
Right
91 (53%)
52 (46%)
—
0.235c
Early onset of head tiltd
70 (41%)
28 (25%)
—
0.005b
Hypertropia (PD)
14.2±8.6
10.3±6.8
—
<0.001c
y = years; D = diopters; SOP = superior oblique palsy; PD = prism diopters; significant factors are expressed in bold characters; a value by one-way ANOVA; b value by the independent t-test; c value by the Pearson chi-square test; dpatients who had reliable data at the time of onset of definite head tilt before 1 year of age.
