Ophthalmologic Manifestations and Retinal Findings in Children with Down Syndrome

Table 1

Demographic data and examination outcomes of patients.

Variables	Down syndrome	Control	Total	value
Number (subjects)	44 (47.3%)	49 (52.7%)	93 (100%)	—
Age (years)	13.10 ± 3.20	12.18 ± 3.32	12.53 ± 3.29	0.090
Gender (men/women)	21 (47.7%)/23 (52.3%)	24 (49%)/25 (51%)	45 (48.4%)/48 (51.6%)	0.798
IOP	13.4 ± 1.9	12.5 ± 3.1	13.3 ± 1.7	0.124
BCVA	0.19 ± 0.03	0.005 ± 0.004	0.07 ± 0.03	<0.001
Hyperopia	31/44 (70.5%)	34/49 (69.4%)	65/93 (69.9%)	0.891
Myopia	13/44 (29.5%)	15/49 (30.6%)	28/93 (30.1%)	0.934
Astigmatism	31/44 (70.5%)	12/49 (24.5%)	43/93 (46.2%)	<0.001
Blepharitis	12/44 (27.3%)	4/49 (8.2%)	16/93 (17.2%)	<0.001
Lens opacity	14/44 (31.8%)	0/49 (0%)	14/93 (15.1%)	<0.001
Strabismus	10/44 (22.7%) 8 esotropia 2 exotropia	4/49 (8.2%) 2 esotropia 2 exotropia	14/93 (15.1%) 10 esotropia 4 exotropia	<0.001
Nystagmus	1/44 (2.3%)	0/49 (0%)	1/93 (1.1%)	0.343
Brushfield spot	12/44 (27.3%)	0/49 (0%)	12/93 (12.9%)	<0.001
Ambliyopia	16/44 (36.4%)	0/49 (0%)	16/93 (17.2%)	<0.001
ONHD	3/44 (6, 8%)	0/49 (0%)	3/93 (3.2%)	<0.001

IOP: intraocular pressure. BCVA: best corrected visual acuity. ONHD: optic nerve head drusen.