Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease in Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Table 1

The characteristics of patients with COVID-19.

Characteristic	No. (%)			value
	Total (N = 42)	Common (N = 26, 61.90%)	Severe (N = 16, 38.10%)
Age (SD), years	55.83 (11.98)	56.31 (11.48)	55.06 (13.09)	0.75
Age, y
<50	15 (35.71)	8 (30.77)	7 (43.75)	0.60
≥50	27 (64.29)	18 (69.23)	9 (56.25)
Gender
Female	25 (59.52)	19 (73.08)	6 (37.50)	0.05
Male	17 (40.48)	7 (26.92)	10 (62.50)
Hospitalization (SD), days	30.12 (7.31)	30.12 (7.31)	30.12 (7.48)	0.10
Previous history
Hypertension	16 (38.10)	11 (42.31)	5 (31.25)	0.70
Diabetes	7 (16.67)	5 (19.23)	2 (12.5)	0.70
Cardiac or stroke disease	3 (7.14)	2 (7.69)	1 (6.25)	1.00
Thyroid disease	2 (4.76)	1 (3.85)	1 (6.25)	1.00
Kidney disease	1 (2.38)	1 (3.85)	0 (0)	1.00
Digestive system disease	7 (16.67)	4 (15.38)	3 (18.75)	1.00
Respiratory system disease	5 (11.90)	3 (11.54)	2 (12.5)	1.00
History of eye diseases
Glaucoma	2 (4.76)	2(7.69)	0 (0.00)	0.57
Cataract	3 (7.14)	2 (7.69)	1 (6.25)	1.00
Myopia	8 (19.05)	8 (30.77)	0 (0.00)	0.02
Ocular fundus disease	1 (2.38)	1 (3.85)	0 (0.00)	1.00
Ophthalmic medication (within one month)	8 (19.05)	8 (30.77)	0 (0.00)	0.02
Activity of ophthalmic disease (within three months)	2 (4.76)	2 (7.69)	0 (0.00)	0.52
Ocular operation or trauma (within three months)	1 (2.38)	1 (3.85)	0 (0.00)	1.00
Typical symptoms
Fever	33 (78.57)	18 (69.23)	15 (93.75)	0.12
Cough	28 (66.67)	17 (65.38)	11 (68.75)	1.00
Pharyngodynia	6 (14.29)	4 (15.38)	2 (12.50)	1.00
Anhelation	14 (33.33)	8 (30.77)	6 (37.50)	0.74
Fatigue	16 (38.10)	11 (42.31)	5 (31.25)	0.53
Muscle soreness	12 (28.57)	7 (26.92)	5 (3125)	1.00
Bosom frowsty and (or) ache	6 (14.29)	3 (11.54)	3 (18.75)	0.66
Abdominal pain, diarrhea	5 (11.90)	3 (11.54)	2 (12.5)	1.00
OSDI
≤12 (no DED)	16 (38.10)	12 (46.15)	4 (25.00)	0.21
≥13 (DED)	26 (61.90)	14 (53.85)	12 (75.00)
DEQ-5
≤5 (no DED)	14 (33.33)	11 (42.31)	3 (18.75)	0.18
≥6 (DED)	28 (66.67)	25 (57.69)	13 (81.25)