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| Study | Year | The surgical approach to decompress ON | Number of patients | Conservative treatment | Indication for the surgery | Report of the efficacy of the surgery | Report of predictive factors |
|
| Yu et al. [77] | 2018 | Endoscopic endonasal | 62 | All cases were administered by methylprednisolone (20 mg/kg/day) and mouse-derived nerve growth factor | Patients with no VA improvement after intravenous treatment were recommended to endoscopic transethmosphenoid optic canal decompression | The overall visual acuity improvement rate after surgery was 54.84% | Patients with residual vision had better postoperative visual prognosis and benefited |
| Treatment should still be recommended even for cases of delayed presentation |
| Gupta and Gadodia [78] | 2018 | Endoscopic endonasal | 20 | All cases received intravenous methylprednisolone for three days before the surgery | Radiologically evident bony fractured fragment impinging on optic nerve in the intracanalicular portion, or failure to improve after 48 h of steroid therapy, were indications for surgical intervention | 80% of all patients benefited from the surgery | The patients who were operated within 72 h were most benefited |
| All the patients with fractures were benefited |
| Xie et al. [79] | 2017 | Endoscopic endonasal | 10 eyes from 5 patients | All the patients primarily treated with high-dose corticosteroids | All the patients underwent surgery due to poor response to medical therapy | Visual acuity improved in 30% of eyes | Surgical outcomes depend on both the timing of surgery and the severity of the damage manifested by initial visual acuity |
| Yan et al. [80] | 2017 | Endoscopic endonasal | 1275 | All patients received intravenous methylprednisolone of 500–1000 mg for the first 2 days and half dosage for the following days | The surgery was performed on patients whose VA was no more than 20/100 with no improvement after 4-5 days of conservative treatment | 81.2% of patients experienced visual improvement | The presence and type of optic canal fractures may be a factor of visual prognosis |
| He et al. [81] | 2016 | Endoscopic endonasal | 11 | Not clarified | Indications for the surgery was optic nerve damage in preoperative VEP scans | Visual acuity improvement rate was 45.5% | The therapeutic effect relies on adequate decompression of the optic canal, timing of the surgery, and skillful surgical technique |
| Yang et al. [82] | 2012 | Endoscopic endonasal | 96 | Some patients treated with corticosteroid and the other not | Not clarified | The overall rate of effectiveness was 40.6% | No light perception, undergoing surgery 3 days after trauma, and hemorrhage within the ethmoid and/or sphenoid sinus were significantly associated with unrecovered visual acuity |
| Zuo et al. [83] | 2009 | Endoscopic endonasal | 155 | All patients received megadose steroid therapy | The surgery was performed after failure of megadose steroid therapy | The total effective rate was 44.5% | Residual vision after trauma and the interval between injury and surgery were significant prognostic factors |
| Li et al. [84] | 2008 | Endoscopic endonasal | 176 | All patients were treated with high-dose dexamethasone intravenously for three days, followed by 20 mg/day for three days and 10 mg/day for three days | Not clarified | The total vision improvement rate was 55% | Early surgery was an important prognostic factor for vision recovery |
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