Visual Sequelae of Computer Vision Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study

Table 4

Final multivariate logistic regression analysis model of factors affecting the occurrence of computer vision syndrome.

Variable	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)	value
Total daily screen-hours	2.0 (1.7 : 2.5)	<0.0001
Commonest used screen
Desktop computer screen	1
Apple smartphone	1.5 (0.6 : 3.9)	0.43
Android smartphone	4.6 (2.24 : 9.6)	<0.0001
Laptop	1.8 (0.8 : 4.2)	0.17
iPad/tablet/other screens	4.3 (0.6 : 31.0)	0.15
Previous DED diagnosis	5.2 (1.4 : 19.0)	0.01
Refractive errors/wearing spectacles	2.3 (1.4 : 4.0)	0.002
Contact lenses wearer	0.03 (0.01 : 0.1)	<0.0001
Upper screen edge at/above horizontal eye level	44.3 (10.0 : 196.5)	<0.0001
Close eye-screen distance	10.8 (5.2 : 22.5)	<0.0001
Uncomfortable seating postures	19.1 (3.7 : 98.5)	<0.0001
Texting with both thumbs	6.1 (2.7 : 14.2)	<0.0001
Poor screen-resolution or design	48.2 (6.6 : 354.9)	<0.0001