Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Ophthalmological Assistance in the Emergency Department at a Spanish Primary Level Hospital

Table 2

Diagnosis distribution of the most prevalent clusters.

Cluster	Primary diagnosis	Secondary diagnosis	Pre-COVID-19	Post-COVID-19	Change (%)
Conjunctiva	Conjunctivitis	Allergic	58	27	−53.4
		Bacterial	7	7	0
		Unspecific	82	23	−72
		Chemical	5	2	−60
		Viral	116	15	−87.1
		Total	268	74	−72.4
	Subconjunctival bleeding		58	20	−65.5
	Conjunctival lymphangiectasia		9	4	−55.6
	Pterygium/pinguecula		12	8	+33.3
	Conjunctival traumatism		8	9	+12.5
	Others		9	11	+22.2
		Total	96	52	−45.8
	Total conjunctiva		364	126	−65.4
Cornea and sclera	Corneal ulcers and keratitis	Recurrent corneal erosion	3	8	+167.7
		Actinic keratitis	5	1	−80
		Acanthamoeba keratitis	1	0	−100
		Bacterial keratitis	13	3	−76.9
		Herpetic/metaherpetic keratitis	18	25	+38.9
		Contact lens keratitis	13	7	−46.2
		Chemical keratitis	10	9	−10
		Traumatic keratitis	37	26	−29.7
		Other ulcers and keratitis	10	14	+40
	Foreign body	Corneal metallic foreign body	36	28	−22.2
		Other foreign body	18	6	−66.7
	Dry eye and dry eye related keratitis		98	48	−51
	Corneal subepithelial infiltrates (CSEI)		4	4	0
	Sclera	Episcleritis	19	10	−47.4
	Others		25	10	−60
	Total cornea and sclera		310	199	−35.8
Eyelid and orbit and lacrimal	Orbit	Preseptal cellulitis	4	4	0
		Orbit traumatism	6	1	−83.3
		Others	3	2	−33.3
	Inflammatory palpebral disorders	Blepharitis	57	35	−38.6
		Stye/chalazion	63	34	−46
		Unspecific eyelid inflammation	8	8	0
		Palpebral herpes	5	11	+120
	Eyelid malposition	Trichiasis/distichiasis	22	20	−9.1
		Ectropion	2	1	−50
		Entropion	4	1	−75
		Floppy eyelid	1	1	0
		Facial palsy	1	1	0
		Tarsal foreign body	8	6	−25
		Others	19	7	−63.2
	Lacrimal disorders	Acute dacryocystitis	8	5	−37.5
		Others	9	5	−44.4
	Total eyelid and orbit and lacrimal		220	142	−35.5
Retina	Rhegmatogenous retinal disorders	PVD	97	79	−18.6
		Photopsias (isolated)	3	2	−33.3
		Rhegmatogenous lesion	9	8	−11.1
		Retinal rhegmatogenous detachment	10 (8/10 macula-off)	16 (12/16 macula off)	+60
	AMD	AMD (dry)	2	1	−50
		AMD (wet)	3	11	+266.7
	CSC		3	2	−33.3
	Other macular neovascularizations		3	6	+100
	Diabetic retinopathy	Diabetic ME	4	4	0
		Diabetic vitreous hemorrhage	6	5	−16.7
	Vascular occlusions	CRAO/BRAO	1	0	−100
		CRVO/BRVO	10	10	0
	Others		37	24	−35.1
	Total retina		188	168	−10.6

PVD = posterior vitreous detachment; AMD = age related macular degeneration; CSC = central serous choroidopathy; CRAO = central retina artery occlusion; BRAO = branch retina artery occlusion; CRVO = central retina vein occlusion; BRVO = branch retina vein occlusion.