Endophthalmitis following Intravitreal Injection, Cataract Surgery, and Vitrectomy: Clinical Features and Visual Outcomes

Table 3

Variable comparison and analysis of presumed endophthalmitis cases (n = 61) after intravitreal injections (IVI) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João.

	IVI (n = 25)	PPV (n = 9)	value
Final VA (logMAR) [95% CI]	1,3(0,4; 3,0) [0,4 to 2,0]	4,0 (3,5; 4,0) [3,6 to 4,9]	0,066
Time until vitrectomy (days) [95% CI]	1,0 (1,0; 2,0) [1,0 to 2,0]	2,5 (2,0; 6,0) [2,0 to 6,2]	0,042
Vitrectomy
Yes [95% CI]	23 (92,0) [78,5 to 100,0]	8 (88,9) [55,6 to 100,0]	1,000
No [95% CI]	2 (8,0) [0,0 to 21,5]	1 (11,1) [0,0 to 44,4]
Comorbidities
Yes [95% CI]	20 (80,0) [56,0 to 96,0]	4 (44,4) [11,1 to 70,9]	0,085
No [95% CI]	5 (20,0) [4,0 to 44,0]	5 (55,6) [29,1 to 88,9]
Visual outcome
Poor outcome, n (%) [95% CI]	11 (44,0) [24,0 to 67,0]	8 (88,9) [51,3 to 100,0]	0,047
Good outcome, n (%) [95% CI]	14 (56,0) [33,0 to 76,0]	1 (11,1) [0,0 to 48,7]

Values are displayed as median (IQR) for continuous variables and number (%) for categorical variables. Comparisons were made with nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test following Dunn–Bonferroni post hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at . Poor outcome was classified as VA worse than or equal than counting fingers (CF) and good outcome classified as VA better than CF. PPV = pars plana vitrectomy; IVI = intravitreal injection; VA = visual acuity; logMAR = logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution.