Secondary Full-thickness Macular Holes after Diabetic Vitrectomy: Clinical Manifestations and Rational Approaches to the Treatment

Figure 2

(a, b) A patient with vitreous hemorrhage, grade 3 fibrovascular proliferation, and tractional retinal detachment at presentation. (c, d) After surgery, the retina is attached under silicone oil (SO) tamponade. Optical coherence tomography shows foveal thinning and epiretinal membrane (ERM). (e) Progressive foveal thinning and the formation of lamellar macular hole (MH) are noted after SO removal. (f, g) Full-thickness MH and retinal detachment develop 3 weeks later. (h, i) The retina is attached and the MH is sealed after ERM removal, internal limiting membrane peeling, and inverted internal limiting membrane flap insertion.