Secondary Full-thickness Macular Holes after Diabetic Vitrectomy: Clinical Manifestations and Rational Approaches to the Treatment

Figure 4

(a, b) A patient presenting with grade 3 fibrovascular proliferation, tractional retinal detachment, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. (c) Six months after surgery, optical coherence tomography (OCT) shows relatively normal foveal contour along with epiretinal membrane (ERM) on the temporal side. (e) The ERM becomes more significant, and lamellar macular hole (MH) develops during follow-up. Foveal-crack sign, a vertical hyperreflective line, is demonstrated by OCT (arrow). (d, f) A full-thickness MH develops 5 months later. (g-i) After ERM removal and ILM peeling, the MH has been sealed with gradual reabsorption of the subretinal fluid.