Management Outcomes in Pediatric Keratoconus: Childhood Keratoconus Study
Table 1
Treatment outcomes of pediatric keratoconus with different management modalities using global consensus guidelines.
Parameter
Baseline
12 months
24 months
value
(A) Crosslinking group
Spherical equivalent (D)
−4.58 ± 3.14
−4.42 ± 3.05
−4.46 ± 3.12
0.76
Refractive astigmatism (D)
3.9 ± 2.62
3.85 ± 2.6
3.89 ± 2.58
0.85
K mean (D)
50.46 ± 4.31
49.45 ± 4.45
48.83 ± 4.62
<0.001
K max (D)
57.86 ± 7.43
56.6 ± 6.4
56.05 ± 6.29
<0.001
Thinnest pachymetry (μm)
432.3 ± 45.64
419.45 ± 46.69
421.67 ± 48.64
0.178
Central pachymetry (μm)
438.5 ± 37.4
434.64 ± 35.39
436.7 ± 36.23
0.011
Higher order total aberrations (μm)
1.702 ± 1.56
1.26 ± 1.31
1.10 ± 1.19
<0.001
Coma (μm)
1.007 ± 0.88
0.96 ± 0.88
0.95 ± 0.72
0.11
Trefoil (μm)
0.82 ± 0.75
0.54 ± 0.64
0.45 ± 0.6
<0.001
Basal cell density (in cells/mm2)
3295.10 ± 363.22
3390.19 ± 343.80
3129.92 ± 289.9
0.456
Endothelial cell count (cells/mm2)
3036.3 ± 388.13
3028 ± 384.91
2977.47 ± 469.95
0.429
Anterior stromal keratocyte density (cells/mm2)
1963.72 ± 198.54
1939.76 ± 215.42
1943.97 ± 206.93
0.899
Middle stromal keratocyte density (cells/mm2)
1936.5 ± 204.88
1939.85 ± 198.7
1902.72 ± 367.46
0.631
Posterior stromal keratocyte density (cells/mm2)
1996.72 ± 202.95
1970.69 ± 179.12
1992.14 ± 186.93
0.791
CRF (mm Hg)
6.78 ± 1.5
6.6 ± 1.3
6.5 ± 1.38
0.194
CH (mm Hg)
7.73 ± 1.44
7.5 ± 1.3
7.45 ± 1.41
0.228
(B) Spectacles group
BSCVA, in logMAR units
0.72 ± 0.54
0.62 ± 0.7
0.61 ± 0.7
0.187
MRSE, in D
−2.74 ± 3.29
−2.735 ± 3.22
−2.729 ± 3.25
0.181
Refractive astigmatism, in D
2.38 ± 1.73
2.32 ± 1.71
2.31 ± 1.66
0.07
(C) Contact lenses group
BCLCVA, logMAR units
0.23 ± 0.22
0.17 ± 0.06
0.17 ± 0.6
<0.001
MRSE (dioptres)
−4.86 ± 3.89
−4.7 ± 4.09
−4.45 ± 4.88
0.11
Mean K
49.27 ± 4.19
48.46 ± 4.36
48.47 ± 4.44
0.07
(D) DALK group
UCVA, logMAR units
1.53 ± 0.27
0.32 ± 0.04
0.31 ± 0.04
<0.001
BCVA, logMAR units
1.24 ± 0.46
0.16 ± 0.08
0.14 ± 0.09
<0.001
MRSE (D)
−6.1 ± 5.82
−1.28 ± 1.2
−1.08 ± 1.1
0.01
Mean astigmatism (D)
4.81 ± 2.38
1.34 ± 1.63
1.3 ± 1.4
0.001
Mean K (D)
64.31 ± 8.53
46.78 ± 5.9
46.2 ± 7.5
<0.001
(E) PK group
UCVA, logMAR units
1.67 ± 0.21
0.38 ± 0.18
0.37 ± 0.19
BCVA, logMAR units
1.54 ± 0.4
0.09 ± 0.08
0.08 ± 0.12
MRSE, in dioptres
−8.45 ± 3.73
−3.14 ± 1.36
−2.92 ± 1.25
Mean astigmatism
5.75 ± 2.29
2.13 ± 1.58
2.04 ± 1.58
Mean K
66.3 ± 6.98
47.44 ± 1.73
47.04 ± 0.956
∗
(F) Intracameral C3F8gas injection
BCVA logMAR units
1.84 ± 0.27
1.34 ± 0.52
1.346 ± 0.52
<0.001
UCVA, logMAR units
1.84 ± 0.27
1.46 ± 0.46
1.41 ± 0.04
0.001
CCT, in μm
1915.77 ± 373.6
518.5 ± 22.99
479.33 ± 26.39
<0.001
D: dioptre, K: keratometry, UCVA: uncorrected visual acuity, BSCVA: best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, MRSE: mean refractive spherical equivalent, BCLCVA: best contact lens corrected visual acuity, PK: penetrating keratoplasty, DALK: deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, CCT: central corneal thickness, CRF: corneal resistance factor, and CH: corneal hysteresis. Significant value (<0.05). More than one type of intervention was used in some patients.
