Medication Adherence and Common Barriers for Caregivers of Preschool Children with Pediatric Glaucoma
Table 2
Description of children with pediatric glaucoma and caregivers.
Subjects
Variable
Nonadherent (n = 48)
Adherent (n = 84)
Overall (n = 132)
value
Caregivers
Age (yrs) (n = 131)
30.5 ± 4.1 (n = 48)
33.2 ± 5.7 (n = 83)
32.2 ± 5.3 (n = 131)
0.0498
Gender
0.260†
Female
42 (87.5)
67 (79.8)
109 (82.6)
Male
6 (12.5)
17 (20.2)
23 (17.4)
Marital status
1.000†
Having a spouse
45 (93.8)
79 (94.0)
124 (93.9)
Having no spouse
3 (6.3)
5 (6.0)
8 (6.1)
Employment status
0.338‡
Full-time job
24 (50.0)
46 (54.8)
70 (53.0)
Part-time job
8 (16.7)
20 (23.8)
28 (21.2)
Out of job
16 (33.3)
18 (21.4)
34 (25.8)
Monthly household income ($)
0.992‡
<156.5
5 (10.4)
8 (9.5)
13 (9.8)
156.5∼469.6
8 (16.7)
18 (21.4)
26 (19.7)
469.6∼782.6
13 (27.1)
20 (23.8)
33 (25.0)
782.6∼1,095.6
10 (20.8)
14 (16.7)
24 (18.2)
>1,095.6
12 (25.0)
24 (28.6)
36 (27.3)
Education level
0.478‡
≤ Primary school
3 (6.3)
6 (7.1)
9 (6.8)
Middle school or high school
23 (47.9)
45 (53.6)
68 (51.5)
≥ College
22 (45.8)
33 (39.3)
55 (41.7)
Residence
0.869†
Urban areas
27 (56.3)
46 (54.8)
73 (55.3)
Suburb areas
21 (43.8)
38 (45.2)
59 (44.7)
Overall health status
0.182‡
Very poor
1 (2.1)
1 (1.2)
2 (1.5)
Poor
2 (4.2)
0 (0)
2 (1.5)
Fair
25 (52.1)
39 (46.4)
64 (48.5)
Good
14 (29.2)
31 (36.9)
45 (34.1)
Very good
6 (12.5)
13 (15.5)
19 (14.4)
Relationship with children
1.000†
Parents
47 (97.9)
83 (98.8)
130 (98.5)
Other family members
1 (2.1)
1 (1.2)
2 (1.5)
Average number of caregivers for each child
1.2 ± 0.9
1.3 ± 0.8
1.3 ± 1.0
0.801
Knowledge about pediatric glaucoma
0.037‡£
Very poor
4 (8.3)
7 (8.3)
11 (8.3)
Poor
7 (14.6)
5 (6.0)
12 (9.1)
Fair
30 (62.5)
49 (58.3)
79 (59.8)
Good
7 (14.6)
22 (26.2)
29 (22.0)
Very good
0 (0)
1 (1.2)
1 (0.8)
Children
Age (months)
27.6 ± 21.8
36.2 ± 21.3
33.0 ± 21.8
0.972
Gender
0.094†
Female
13 (27.1)
35 (41.7)
48 (36.4)
Male
35 (72.9)
49 (58.3)
84 (63.6)
Type of glaucoma
0.065†
Primary glaucoma
32 (66.7)
68 (81.0)
100 (75.8)
Secondary glaucoma
16 (33.3)
16 (19.0)
32 (24.2)
Length of time with a diagnosis of pediatric glaucoma (months)
21.3 ± 21.6
25.6 ± 20.4
24.0 ± 20.9
0.763
History of antiglaucoma surgery
0.435†
No
10 (20.8)
13 (15.5)
23 (17.4)
Yes
38 (79.2)
71 (84.5)
109 (82.6)
Length of time with antiglaucoma medication treatment (mths)
13.7 ± 16.7
17.2 ± 17.3
15.9 ± 17.1
0.319
Number of varieties of antiglaucoma medications (identified by bottle)
0.994‡
1
11 (22.9)
19 (22.6)
30 (22.7)
2
12 (25.0)
20 (23.8)
32 (24.2)
3
11 (22.9)
22 (26.2)
33 (25.0)
4
14 (29.2)
23 (27.4)
37 (28.0)
Frequency of antiglaucoma medication usage each day
0.598‡
1
0 (0)
4 (4.8)
4 (3.0)
2
15 (31.3)
30 (35.7)
45 (34.1)
3
15 (31.3)
16 (19.0)
31 (23.5)
≥4
18 (37.5)
34 (40.5)
52 (39.04)
Data are mean ± standard deviation or number (%). Two-samplet-test. †Chi-square test. ‡Rank sum test. £ value: 1-tailed. All comparison were made between adherent group and nonadherent group.
