Proinflammatory Cytokines Trigger the Onset of Retinal Abnormalities and Metabolic Dysregulation in a Hyperglycemic Mouse Model

Figure 2

Representative fundus images showing changes in retinal vasculature two days after intravitreal injection. Fundus image of control mice (a), control mice with intraocular cytokines (b), hyperglycemic mice without intraocular cytokines (c), and hyperglycemic mice with intraocular cytokines (d). Intravitreal injection of proinflammatory cytokines caused blood vessel beading (indicated by black arrow, inset) and increased vessel tortuosity (indicated by white arrows) in hyperglycemic mice.

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