Proinflammatory Cytokines Trigger the Onset of Retinal Abnormalities and Metabolic Dysregulation in a Hyperglycemic Mouse Model

Figure 7

Enzymatic activity in the retina two days after intravitreal injection. (a) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity. (b) Glutamine synthetase (GS) activity. Hyperglycemic mice with intraocular cytokines showed significantly reduced GAPDH activity compared to control mice. Although the GS activity in hyperglycemic mice with intraocular cytokines remained unchanged compared to control mice, intravitreal injection of cytokines to hyperglycemic mice caused a significant decrease in GS activity compared to hyperglycemic mice without intraocular cytokines. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests was used to determine statistical significance. The unpaired t-test was used to determine the added effect of cytokines on hyperglycemic mice. Values represent mean ± SEM (n = 6 eyes). and # represent p < 0.05. Abbreviation- C: control mice, Cyt: mice with cytokines, HG: hyperglycemic mice, HG + Cyt: hyperglycemic mice with cytokines.

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