Bone Loss Rate May Interact with Other Risk Factors for Fractures among Elderly Women: A 15-Year Population-Based Study
Table 1
Characteristics according to study groups (annual bone loss tertiles, ).
Characteristics
Bone loss tertiles*
High ()
Moderate ()
Low ()
Total ()
(A) Means (SD) of continuous variables
Years since menopause (at 5 years)
7.7(5.1)
8.0(5.5)
8.3(6.1)
8.0(5.6)
Baseline age, years
53.5(2.8)
53.6(3.01)
53.6(2.9)
53.5(2.9)
Baseline height cm
161.4(5.3)
161.4(5.1)
161.1(5.0)
161.3(5.2)
Baseline weight kg
69.6(12.3)
69.1(11.6)
68.4(10.7)
69.0(11.6)
Weight change (Bl to 5 years), kg
2.1(5.3)
2.7(4.9)
4.2(5.1)
3.0(5.2)††
Grip strength kPA
62.6(16.0)
60.8(16.6)
64.7(16.4)
62.7(16.4)††
Calcium intake mg/day
797(294)
779(290)
809(284)
795(290)
Alcohol intake g/week
39.0(75.2)
48.2(76.3)
49.3(73.0)
45.52(75.0)†
Baseline FN T-score SD
−0.30(1.05)
−0.35(1.07)
−0.54(1.09)
−0.40(1.07)††
5-year FN T-score SD
−0.99(0.99)
−0.58(1.04)
−0.33(1.12)
−0.63(1.08)††
(B) Distribution of category variables (%)
Menopause status (at 5 years)
Premenopuasal (no HT)
13.1
8.2
7.8
9.7
Postmenopausal (no HT)
35.4
30.2
23.9
29.8
HT use
51.5
61.6
68.4
60.5††
No bone-affecting disease/medication**
53.9
48.4
45.2
49.2†
Mother’s fracture
18.1
19.5
20.3
19.3
Sister’s fracture
9.6
10.3
11.4
10.5
Any previous fracture at 5 years
20.3
20.5
19.2
20.0
Smoking (never/ever)
19.2
17.4
18.4
18.4
Decline in grip strength (Bl to 5years)
28.3
22.9
24.3
25.2
Follow-up fractures
25.2
28.3
24.2
25.9
Wrist
9.4
9.1
8.5
9.0
Unimalleolar ankle
4.0
3.7
4.0
3.9
Other ankles
1.3
1.1
0.7
1.0
Lumbar/thoracal spine
2.4
2.0
1.3
1.9
Humerus
1.3
0.9
0.4
0.8
*High: over 0.84% per year, moderate: 0.13% to 0.84% per year, low: under 0.13% per year. †/ †† in ANOVA (continuous variables) and Chi square test (categorical variables) between the study groups. **For specification of the diseases and medications included, see Materials and Methods—Statistical Methods.
