Is Childhood Obesity Associated with Bone Density and Strength in Adulthood?

Table 2

Unadjusted bone values (SD), BMI-adjusted, and height, fat, and lean mass-adjusted between-group (ObC versus ObA) mean differences (95% CI).

	ObC, $n=12$	ObA, $n=50$	unadjusted mean difference, %	BMI adjusted mean difference, %	height, fat and lean adjusted mean difference, %
Total body BMC, g	3233 (536)	2904 (386)	8.4 (0.1 to 17.4)	11.0 (1.4 to 21.5)	3.4 ($-4.6$ to 12.2)
Lumbar spine BMC	80.12 (17.57)	69.30 (12.10)	14.8 (2.3 to 28.9)	14.8 (2.2 to 29.0)	6.2 ($-4.8$ to 18.4)
Femoral neck BMC	5.72 (0.93)	5.09 (0.76)	12.1 (1.8 to 23.3)	12.1 (1.9 to 23.4)	6.0 ($-3.2$ to 16.1)
Trochanter BMC	12.34 (2.84)	11.43 (2.57)	7.8 ($-6.4$ to 24.2)	7.9 ($-6.4$ to 24.3)	$-0.7$ ($-13.3$ to 13.9)
Femoral neck Z, mm^3	776 (176)	660 (113)	16.7 (4.2 to 30.6)	16.7 (4.2 to 30.7)	8.6 ($-2.0$ to 20.4)
Distal radius
TrD, mg/cm^3	224.1 (35.5)	203.9 (31.1)	9.8 ($-0.9$ to 21.7)	9.8 ($-1.0$ to 21.9)	7.9 ($-3.4$ to 20.4)
ToA, mm^2	277.5 (41.0)	286.0 (44.7)	$-2.8$ ($-12.5$ to 8.0)	3.0 ($-10.4$ to 18.4)	$-5.8$ ($-14.7$ to 4.1)
SSI, mm^3	376.9 (86.0)	365.1 (74.0)	2.9 ($-10.4$ to 18.1)	3.0 ($-10.4$ to 18.4)	4.0 ($-9.5$ to 19.5)
Radial shaft
CoD, mg/cm^3	1201.6 (15.7)	1202.4 (19.5)	$-0.1$ ($-1.1$ to 1.0)	$-0.1$ ($-1.1$ to 1.0)	0.0 ($-1.1$ to 1.2)
ToA, mm^2	105.9 (12.0)	105.8 (14.3)	0.5 ($-8.0$ to 9.8)	0.7 ($-7.7$ to 10.0)	$-2.2$ ($-10.2$ to 6.6)
SSI, mm^3	215.1 (32.3)	215.8 (43.1)	0.5 ($-11.5$ to 14.2)	0.8 ($-11.2$ to 14.5)	$-3.5$ ($-15.0$ to 9.5)
Distal tibia
TrD, mg/cm^3	254.0 (27.0)	238.0 (27.6)	6.8 ($-0.7$ to 15.0)	6.9 ($-0.7$ to 15.0)	5.4 ($-2.5$ to 13.9)
ToA, mm^2	897.6 (112.3)	848.4 (105.4)	5.8 ($-2.4$ to 14.7)	5.9 ($-2.1$ to 14.6)	0.5 ($-5.8$ to 7.1)
SSI, mm^3	1523.9 (385.7)	1402.2 (288.7)	7.5 ($-6.6$ to 23.7)	7.6 ($-6.3$ to 23.6)	2.4 ($-11.2$ to 18.0)
Tibial shaft
CoD, mg/cm^3	1145.5 (13.0)	1143.8 (22.1)	0.2 ($-1.0$ to 1.3)	0.2 ($-1.0$ to 1.3)	0.3 ($-0.9$ to 1.6)
ToA, mm^2	501.5 (41.3)	471.0 (53.3)	6.8 ($-0.4$ to 14.5)	6.9 (0.0 to 14.3)	2.6 ($-3.4$ to 9.0)
SSI, mm^3	2138.3 (213.6)	1931.1 (331.0)	11.8 (0.8 to 24.0)	11.9 (1.3 to 23.8)	5.9 ($-3.9$ to 16.7)