High Folic Acid Intake during Pregnancy Lowers Body Weight and Reduces Femoral Area and Strength in Female Rat Offspring
Table 3
Measurements of lumbar vertebra 4 morphology, bone mineral, and biomechanical strength properties from female offspring at 17 weeks after weaning1.
Variables
Treatment groups
value
RFol-RFol
HFol-RFol
RFol-HFol
HFol-HFol
Dam diet
Pup diet
Dam diet × pup diet
Height (mm)
Unadjusted
8.34 ± 0.09
8.10 ± 0.10
8.24 ± 0.13
8.00 ± 0.12
0.04
NS
NS
Adjusted
8.29 ± 0.11
8.14 ± 0.11
8.20 ± 0.11
8.03 ± 0.10
NS
NS
NS
Body AP width (mm)
Unadjusted
3.22 ± 0.03
3.20 ± 0.07
3.13 ± 0.04
3.06 ± 0.04
NS
0.02
NS
Adjusted
3.21 ± 0.05
3.21 ± 0.05
3.12 ± 0.05
3.07 ± 0.04
NS
0.02
NS
Body ML width (mm)
Unadjusted
4.77 ± 0.05
4.78 ± 0.11
4.76 ± 0.07
4.60 ± 0.09
NS
NS
NS
Adjusted
4.73 ± 0.08
4.82 ± 0.08
4.72 ± 0.08
4.63 ± 0.07
NS
NS
NS
Weight (g)
Unadjusted
0.378 ± 0.010
0.363 ± 0.009
0.367 ± 0.007
0.344 ± 0.016
NS
NS
NS
Adjusted
0.372 ± 0.011
0.369 ± 0.011
0.363 ± 0.011
0.348 ± 0.010
NS
NS
NS
Area (cm2)
Unadjusted
0.709 ± 0.013
0.675 ± 0.008
0.680 ± 0.011
0.654 ± 0.023
0.06
NS
NS
Adjusted
0.703 ± 0.015
0.681 ± 0.015
0.676 ± 0.015
0.658 ± 0.015
NS
0.09
NS
BMC (g)
Unadjusted
0.144 ± 0.004
0.137 ± 0.002
0.132 ± 0.003
0.127 ± 0.007
NS
0.02
NS
Adjusted
0.141 ± 0.004
0.139 ± 0.004
0.131 ± 0.004
0.129 ± 0.004
NS
0.01
NS
BMD (g/cm2)
Unadjusted
0.203 ± 0.004
0.202 ± 0.002
0.195 ± 0.003
0.194 ± 0.005
NS
0.04
NS
Adjusted
0.201 ± 0.004
0.205 ± 0.004
0.193 ± 0.004
0.195 ± 0.003
NS
0.02
NS
Peak load (N)
Unadjusted
415.09 ± 17.80
400.37 ± 14.73
379.36 ± 23.10
363.17 ± 26.63
NS
0.10
NS
Adjusted
406.50 ± 21.06
408.62 ± 21.03
372.57 ± 20.92
369.58 ± 19.84
NS
0.08
NS
Data are means ± (SEM); -10/group. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA (dam diet and pup diet as main factors) followed by post hoc Tukey’s test. Data were further adjusted for body weight. Means with different superscripts in a row are significantly different, .
