A Study of Bone Mineral Density and Its Determinants in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 3

Differences in bone mineral density 𝑧 scores in T1DM subjects and age, sex, and body mass index matched controls at total body (expressed as mean ± SD).

BMD 𝑧 score	T1DM	Control	P value
Total body	−1.10±1.50	−0.57±1.39	<0.01
Males (53/100)	−1.22±1.05	−0.98±0.88	0.08
<20 (5/8)	−1.69±1.25	−1.61±0.84	0.39
20–30 (37/72)	−1.51±0.99	−0.79±0.86	<0.01
>30 (11/20)	−0.65±1.25	−0.23±1.31	0.34
Females (22/40)	−0.86±1.36	−0.01±1.15	<0.01
<20 (5/8)	−1.45±1.87	−1.14±0.56	0.23
20–30 (7/12)	−1.37±0.79	−0.02±0.71	0.02
>30 (10/20)	−0.16±1.05	0.58±1.05	0.09

BMD: bone mineral density; T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus.
The numbers in brackets indicate the number of subjects in each subgroup cases and controls. For example, males (53/100) to be read as 53 T1DM cases and 100 healthy controls were in this group.