Black Tea May Be a Prospective Adjunct for Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Early Menopausal Bone Loss in a Rat Model of Osteoporosis

Table 1

Intestinal mucosal transference of calcium and calcium-transferring enzymes (alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium-ATPase activity) of different segments of sham-operated control group (Group A), bilaterally ovariectomized group (Group B), and ovariectomized + BTE-treated group (Group C) of rats.

Measures	Sham-operated control; (Group A)	Ovariectomized; (Group B)	Ovariectomized + BTE; (Group C)	Significance; level*	Significance level**
					Group A versus Group B	Group B versus Group C
Calcium transference
Duodenum	13.25±0.39	9.74±0.27	13.33±0.65	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.001	𝑃<0.01
Jejunum	9.69±0.60	6.18±0.45	8.2±0.38	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.05
Ileum	5.70±0.28	4.04±0.15	5.67±0.33	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01
Alkaline phosphatase activity
Duodenum	623.82±9.20	242.62±11.44	525.34±12.71	𝑃<0.001	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01
Jejunum	428.98±4.59	219.70±7.23	356.08±9.41	𝑃<0.001	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01
Ileum	254.78±6.34	141.74±4.86	253.72±5.13	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01
Ca^2+-ATPase activity
Duodenum	11.25±0.68	5.61±0.25	10.43±0.52	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01
Jejunum	7.98±0.33	3.71±0.27	8.08±0.20	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01
Ileum	7.01±0.63	2.61±0.16	6.75±0.39	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01	𝑃<0.01

Values are expressed as mean ± SE (𝑛=6); calcium transference is expressed as 𝜇mol/g dry weight/hr. Alkaline phosphatase activity is expressed as p-nitrophenol liberated in 𝜇mol/g of protein/min at 37°C. Calcium-ATPase activity is expressed as 𝜇mol of phosphate liberated/mg of protein/hour at 37°C. *denotes significance level based on the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric ANOVA test, and **denotes significance level based on Mann-Whitney 𝑈 multiple-comparison test.