Research Article
Comorbidity and Healthcare Expenditure in Women with Osteoporosis Living in the Basque Country (Spain)
Table 3
Risk ratios for the 47 chronic conditions with osteoporosis as comorbidity.
| | Risk ratio | CI at 95% | | Lower bound | Upper bound |
| Hypertension | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.82 | Asthma (currently treated) | 1.18 | 1.14 | 1.22 | Ischemic heart disease | 1.10 | 1.06 | 1.15 | Diabetes mellitus | 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.67 | Hypothyroidism | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.95 | Rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune and connective tissue diseases | 1.45 | 1.40 | 1.50 | Deafness and hearing loss | 1.13 | 1.08 | 1.17 | Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and COPD | 1.31 | 1.26 | 1.35 | Irritable bowel syndrome | 1.35 | 1.26 | 1.44 | Malignancies | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.10 | Cerebrovascular disease | 1.22 | 1.18 | 1.26 | Chronic kidney disease | 1.07 | 1.02 | 1.12 | Diverticular disease of intestine | 1.55 | 1.49 | 1.61 | Peripheral vascular disease | 1.17 | 1.04 | 1.31 | Heart failure | 1.19 | 1.14 | 1.25 | Glaucoma | 1.06 | 1.03 | 1.09 | Dementia | 1.01 | 0.97 | 1.04 | Schizophrenia, affective psychosis, or bipolar disorder | 0.62 | 0.57 | 0.68 | Inflammatory bowel disease | 1.13 | 1.03 | 1.24 | Parkinson’s disease | 1.22 | 1.15 | 1.29 | Multiple sclerosis | 0.84 | 0.69 | 1.03 | Chronic liver or pancreatic disease | 1.11 | 1.05 | 1.19 | Paralysis or muscular dystrophy | 1.18 | 1.10 | 1.27 | Chronic heart disease and others | 1.21 | 1.17 | 1.26 | VIH | 0.37 | 0.24 | 0.56 | Hematologic chronic disorders | 1.04 | 0.93 | 1.16 | Chromosomal anomalies or inherited metabolic disorders | 0.98 | 0.92 | 1.05 | Transplant status | 1.16 | 0.97 | 1.41 | Disorders of the immune system | 1.46 | 1.36 | 1.57 | Degenerative joint disease | 1.40 | 1.38 | 1.43 | Peripheral neuropathy and neuritis | 0.86 | 0.83 | 0.89 | Gout | 0.88 | 0.80 | 0.97 | Treated constipation | 1.60 | 1.51 | 1.69 | Psoriasis or eczema | 1.08 | 0.96 | 1.21 | Migraine | 0.82 | 0.74 | 0.91 | Alcohol problems | 0.66 | 0.56 | 0.79 | Bronchiectasis | 1.70 | 1.59 | 1.83 | Depression | 1.12 | 1.09 | 1.14 | Epilepsy (currently treated) | 0.85 | 0.77 | 0.95 | Atrial fibrillation | 1.08 | 1.05 | 1.12 | Viral hepatitis | 1.03 | 0.94 | 1.12 | Low back pain | 1.25 | 1.22 | 1.28 | Chronic sinusitis | 1.10 | 0.99 | 1.23 | Abuse substances | 0.83 | 0.59 | 1.16 | Treated dyspepsia | 1.42 | 1.39 | 1.45 | Anxiety and other neurotic, stress related, and somatoform disorders | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.87 | Blindness and low vision | 1.07 | 1.03 | 1.12 |
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