Incidence of Fractures after Cardiac and Lung Transplantation: A Single Center Experience

Table 3

Comparison of those with fractures versus no fractures in the heart transplant population.

	Fracture 𝑛=9	Nonfracture 𝑛=96	Test statistic (df)	𝑃
Demographics
Mdn age (years) (IQR)	61.00 (55.00–68.00); 𝑛=9	55.50 (46.50–62.00); 𝑛=96	648.00 (105)^1	.051
Mdn BMI (IQR)	23.55 (22.57–28.31); 𝑛=9	24.62 (21.98–28.94); 𝑛=96	453.00 (105)^1	.79
Females	2/9 (22%)	15/96 (16%)	0.26 (1)^2	.64
Menopause	1/2 (50%)	5/15 (33%)	0.22 (1)^2	.99
Ex-smokers	5/9 (56%)	51/96 (53%)	0.02 (1)^2	.99
Pretransplant fracture	0	4/95 (4%)	0.39 (1)^2	.99
Reason for transplantation
Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM)	5/9 (56%)	38/96 (40%)	1.35 (2)^2	.51
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)	3/9 (33%)	49/96 (51%)
Other	1/9 (11%)	9/96 (9%)
Pretransplant values
Mdn LS T score (IQR)	−0.80 (−1.40–0.30); 𝑛=3	0.55 (−0.90–1.60); 𝑛=42	44.00 (45)^1	.28
Mdn femoral neck T score (IQR)	−1.30 (−2.20–−1.20); 𝑛=3	−0.50 (−1.30–0.20); 𝑛=45	33.50 (48)^1	.09
Mdn serum calcium (mg/dL) (IQR)	8.90 (8.20–9.10); 𝑛=9	8.90 (8.40–9.20); 𝑛=95	448.50 (104)^1	.79
Mdn serum phosphorus (mg/dL) (IQR)	4.30 (3.40–4.50); 𝑛=9	3.65 (2.70–4.20); 𝑛=92	553.00 (101)^1	.26
Mean serum albumin (gm/dL) (SD)	3.10 (2.40–3.20); 𝑛=9	3.00 (2.50–3.50); 𝑛=93	432.50 (102)^1	.72
Mdn serum bone-specific alk. phosphatase (mcg/L) (IQR)	𝑛=0	8.75 (6.50–11.0); 𝑛=2	—	—
Mdn serum parathyroid hormone (pg/mL) (IQR)	𝑛=0	104.00 (29.50–153.50); 𝑛=13	—	—
Mdn serum vitamin D 25-OH (ng/mL) (IQR)	30.50 (25.00–36.00); 𝑛=2	26.00 (6.00–34.50); 𝑛=9	13.50 (11)^1	.73
Mdn serum creatinine (mg/dL) (IQR)	1.20 (1.00–1.40); 𝑛=9	1.40 (1.10–1.67); 𝑛=95	381.50 (104)^1	.30
Posttransplant medications
Bisphosphonate	5/9 (56%)	37/96 (39%)	0.99 (1)^2	.48
Calcium and vitamin D	8/9 (89%)	84/94 (89%)	0.002 (1)^2	.99
Glucocorticoid	5/9 (56%)	67/96 (70%)	0.77 (1)^3	.46
Posttransplant values
Mdn LS T score (IQR)	−0.50 (−2.30–0.00); 𝑛=7	−0.20 (−1.10–1.10); 𝑛=58	171.50 (65)^1	.21
Mdn femoral DXA T score (IQR)	−2.50 (−3.10–−2.30); 𝑛=7	−1.00 (−1.70–−0.40); 𝑛=57	93.00 (64)^1	.003
Mdn serum calcium (mg/dL) (IQR)	8.70 (8.20–9.20); 𝑛=9	8.90 (8.50–9.10); 𝑛=94	397.50 (103)^1	.41
Mdn serum phosphorus (mg/dL) (IQR)	3.60 (3.40–3.80); 𝑛=9	3.60 (3.10–4.40); 𝑛=94	418.50 (103)^1	.57
Mean serum albumin (gm/dL) (SD)	3.00 (2.00–3.00); 𝑛=9	3.10 (2.80–3.40); 𝑛=92	289.50 (101)^1	.04
Mdn serum bone-specific alk. phosphatase (mcg/L) (IQR)	16.60 (10.30–22.30); 𝑛=4	13.70 (9.20–15.50); 𝑛=13	38.00 (17)^1	.87
Mdn serum parathyroid hormone (pg/mL) (IQR)	68 (5–78); 𝑛=5	100 (48–133); 𝑛=27	49.00 (32)^1	.09
Mdn serum vitamin D 25-OH (ng/mL) (IQR)	25.50 (24.50–29.50); 𝑛=8	19.00 (14.50–28.50); 𝑛=36	211.50 (44)^1	.35
Mdn serum creatinine (mg/dL) (IQR)	1.50 (1.00–1.70); 𝑛=9	1.40 (1.00–1.83); 𝑛=93	470.50 (102)^1	.94

Note: Mdn: median, IQR: interquartile range, SD: standard deviation, and df: degrees of freedom for the test statistic (i.e., ¹Wilcoxon 𝑊 due to low sample size in the fracture cohort and ²Fisher’s exact test due to low expected frequencies). Percentages are within column.