Research Article

Bone Mineral Density in Gravida: Effect of Pregnancies and Breast-Feeding in Women of Differing Ages and Parity

Table 1

Demographic data of the cohort ( = 132).

Maternal age mean ± SD (range) 29.86 ± 5.97 (20–46) years
Height mean ± SD (range)162.49 ± 6.34 (145–179) cms
Prepregnancy weight mean ± SD (range)63.98 ± 12.97 (41–12) kg
Prepregnancy BMI mean ± SD (range)24.17 ± 4.36 (16.8–41.5)
Current weight mean ± SD (range)71.86 ± 14.04 (43–125) kg
Current BMI mean ± SD (range)27.15 ± 4.62 (18.0–40.5)
Weight gain mean ± SD (range)8.37 ± 7.42 ([−9]–67) kg
Gravidity mean ± SD (range)4.05 ± 2.74 (1–13)
Parity mean ± SD (range)3.92 ± 2.62 (1–13)
Months lactation mean ± SD (range)27.09 ± 31.61 (0–135.0) months
Months pregnancy + lactation mean ± SD (range)60.13 ± 51.79 (8.5–220.0) months
Pregnancies using in vitro fertilization (IVF) 8 (6.1%)
Twin births4 (3.0%)
Previous missed abortion15 (11.4%)
Singletons’ birth weight (range)3306 (2460–5500) gms
Use of prenatal vitamins64 (48.5%)
Use of iron + folic acid76 (57.6%)
History of fractures 14 (10.6%): 2 legs; 8 arms, 4 ankles
Gestational diabetes mellitus 4 (3.0%)
Hypothyroid (chronic or gestational)6 (4.5%)
Chronic diseases4 (2 Crohn’s disease; 1 Gaucher; 1 rheumatoid arthritis)
Smoking history (ever)9 (6.8%)
Mother with osteoporosis 5 (3.8%)
FN-BMD mean ± SD (range)0.796 ± 0.11 (0.60–1.08)
FN -scores mean ± SD (range)[−0.49] ± 0.96 ([−2.3]–2.1)
FN -scores mean ± SD (range)[−0.39] ± 0.95 ([−2.1]–2.2)
LS-BMD mean ± SD (range)0.910 ± 0.34 ([−0.95]–1.44)
LS -scores mean ± SD (range)[−0.74] ± 1.04 ([−3.2]–3.6)
LS -scores mean ± SD (range)[−0.92] ± 1.04 ([−3.2]–3.6)

SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; FN: femoral neck; BMD: bone mineral density; LS: lumbar spine.