The Effect of Long-Term Exercise on the Production of Osteoclastogenic and Antiosteoclastogenic Cytokines by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and on Serum Markers of Bone Metabolism

Figure 4

Effect of exercise on antiosteoclastogenic cytokine production. Exercise enhanced the production of IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β in PHA⁻ cultures and IL-4, IL-6, and TGF-beta in PHA⁺ cultures. Preexercise values are represented by the white columns and postexercise values by the black columns. Values for IL-4 and IL-10 are listed on the left y-axis, values for IL-6 and TGF-β1 are listed on the right Y axis. Results are given as the mean ± SEM. indicates a p value of <.05 (two-sided -test for dependent samples). PHA: phytohemagglutinin.