A Review on the Relationship between Aspirin and Bone Health

Table 1

The effects of aspirin on bone in animal models of bone loss.

Authors	Animal model used	Study design/aspirin dose/treatment period	Estimated human equivalent dose for 60 kg adult per day (mg)	Findings	Notes
Waters et al. (1991) [24]	14-week-old female dogs with their right hind limb immobilized using fiberglass cast	The hind limb-immobilized dogs were treated with 25 mg/kg aspirin every 8 hours for 28 days.	24324.32	↓ rate of bone loss; ↓ PGE2 level	a = assuming weight of the dog was 10 kg and 3 times treatment of aspirin per day
Chen et al. (2011) [25]	3-month-old ovariectomized rats	Rats were treated three months after ovariectomy with aspirin at the dose of 8.93, 26.79, and 80.36 mg/kg/day for three months.	21.72, 65.16, 195.47	↑ BMD; ↑ bone structural indices; ↑ biomechanical strength; No changes in bone formation markers; All changes were dose-dependent	b = assuming weight of the rat was 250 g
Lin et al. (2013) [26]	4-month-old ovariectomized rats	The ovariectomized rats were treated with diethylstilbestrol (hi-DES) (30 µg/kg/day) or aspirin (9 mg/kg/day) plus DES (10 µg/kg/day) for 90 days.	21.89	↑ BMD for both groups; ↑ bone structural indices for both groups; ↓ osteoclast number and perimeter for both groups; ↑ % labelled perimeter in hi-DES group; ↓ total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for both groups; ↑ triglyceride for hi-DES group; No changes in high density lipoprotein cholesterol for both groups	b = assuming weight of the rat was 250 g
Liu et al. (2015) [7]	8-week-old ovariectomized rats	Rats were ovariectomized and treated 4 weeks later. Effects of zoledronate, allogeneic adipose stem cells (ASC) (6 × 10^6 cells), stem cell media, aspirin (100 mg/kg/day), or aspirin + stem cells were assessed for 12 weeks. Aspirin administered daily and stem cells administered 4 times.	243.24	↑ bone structural indices and serum calcium in aspirin and ASC groups; ↑ bone structural indices, bone formation rate, bone formation markers in aspirin + ASC group; ↑ migration and homing of ASC	b = assuming weight of the rat was 250 g
Wei et al. (2015) [27]	3-month-old ovariectomized rats	Ovariectomized rats were treated with aspirin 34.4 mg/kg/day, salmon calcitonin (CAL) 2 U/kg/day or both concomitantly for 12 weeks.	83.68	↑ vertebral BMD for all groups; No changes in femoral BMD and serum calcium and phosphate level for all groups; ↑ biomechanical strength for aspirin group and CAL + aspirin group; ↓ bone turnover for all groups; ↓ RANKL expression in aspirin and CAL + aspirin group; ↑ OPG expression in CAL and CAL + aspirin group	b = assuming weight of the rat was 250 g
Yamaza et al. (2008) [23]	Ovariectomized mice	Mice were fed with aspirin 0.6 mg/ml for three months.	72.97	↑ trabecular and cortical density; ↑ serum OPG; ↓ serum RANKL; ↓ number of TRAP + cells	c = assuming one treatment per day with gavage volume 25 ml