Review Article
How Has Intervention Fidelity Been Assessed in Smoking Cessation Interventions? A Systematic Review
| | Number of studies | Percentage of total studies () |
| Country | US | 27 | 49.1 | UK | 5 | 9.1 | Germany | 4 | 7.3 | Netherlands | 3 | 5.5 | India | 1 | 1.8 | Australia | 1 | 1.8 | Spain | 1 | 1.8 | Setting | Health system | 27 | 49.1 | School | 6 | 10.9 | Community | 4 | 7.3 | Telephone | 2 | 3.6 | College | 1 | 1.8 | University | 1 | 1.8 | Leaflets | 1 | 1.8 | Intervention providers | Staff delivering health interventions (e.g., diabetes educators and smoking cessation advisors) | 7 | 12.7 | Counsellors | 6 | 10.9 | Nurses | 5 | 9.1 | Research staff/trained students | 4 | 7.3 | Hospital staff (doctors, nurses, assistants, etc.) | 3 | 5.5 | Computer/web based | 2 | 3.6 | Teachers | 2 | 3.6 | Doctors | 1 | 1.8 | Psychologist | 1 | 1.8 | Health professionals | 1 | 1.8 | Teachers and student peer leaders | 1 | 1.8 | Therapist | 1 | 1.8 | Peer counsellors | 1 | 1.8 | Other school staff (drug education officers) | 1 | 1.8 | Pharmacist | 1 | 1.8 | Health trainers | 1 | 1.8 | Leaflets | 1 | 1.8 | Unclear | 3 | 5.5 | Intervention recipients | School pupils | 7 | 12.7 | Patients in hospital | 6 | 10.9 | Smokers (including those not motivated or ready to quit) | 4 | 7.3 | Pregnant smokers | 3 | 5.5 | Patients at GP surgeries | 2 | 3.6 | Teenagers in hospital | 2 | 3.6 | Nurses who smoke and primary caregivers of children | 1 | 1.8 | Patients with familial hypocholesteraemia | 1 | 1.8 | Patients with diabetes | 1 | 1.8 | Smokers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | 1 | 1.8 | Nurses and inpatient smokers | 1 | 1.8 | Ethnic minority pregnant smokers | 1 | 1.8 | Smokers and nonsmoking pairs living with a child | 1 | 1.8 | Ethnic minority smokers | 1 | 1.8 | Heavy smokers | 1 | 1.8 | Overweight smokers | 1 | 1.8 | Nurses | 1 | 1.8 | Cancer survivors | 1 | 1.8 | Adults planning to stay quit post discharge | 1 | 1.8 | Adults | 1 | 1.8 | Women recently given birth | 1 | 1.8 | Smokers wanting to quit | 1 | 1.8 | Undergraduate students | 1 | 1.8 | Smokers with low motivation to quit | 1 | 1.8 | Format | One to one | 36 | 65.5 | Group | 5 | 9.1 | Unclear | 1 | 1.8 | Mode of delivery | Face to face | 24 | 43.6 | Telephone | 7 | 12.7 | Face to face and digital | 4 | 7.3 | Face to face and media | 3 | 5.5 | Face to face and telephone | 2 | 3.6 | Face to face, digital, and telephone | 1 | 1.8 | Unclear | 1 | 1.8 |
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