Research Article
Associations between Childhood Abuse, Resilience, Mindfulness, and Waterpipe Smoking: Implications for Cessation Interventions
Table 2
Estimated coefficients for the structural equation model.
| Path | Standardized coefficient | SE | value |
| ACEs⟶resilience | -0.12 | 0.090 | 0.011 | ACEs⟶mindfulness | -0.14 | 0.027 | <0.001 | ACEs⟶WPS | 0.20 | 0.025 | <0.001 | Resilience⟶WPS | -0.47 | 0.053 | <0.001 | Mindfulness⟶WPS | -0.02 | 0.032 | 0.393 | Age⟶resilience | 0.02 | 0.016 | 0.281 | Age⟶mindfulness | 0.02 | 0.005 | 0.549 | Age⟶ACEs | -0.09 | 0.006 | 0.011 | Age⟶WPS | -0.03 | 0.004 | 0.335 | Gender⟶resilience | -0.03 | 0.103 | 0.440 | Gender⟶mindfulness | -0.11 | 0.031 | 0.002 | Gender⟶ACEs | 0.23 | 0.040 | <0.001 | Gender⟶WPS | 0.25 | 0.028 | <0.001 |
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