Associations between Childhood Abuse, Resilience, Mindfulness, and Waterpipe Smoking: Implications for Cessation Interventions

Table 2

Estimated coefficients for the structural equation model.

Path	Standardized coefficient	SE	value
ACEs⟶resilience	-0.12	0.090	0.011
ACEs⟶mindfulness	-0.14	0.027	<0.001
ACEs⟶WPS	0.20	0.025	<0.001
Resilience⟶WPS	-0.47	0.053	<0.001
Mindfulness⟶WPS	-0.02	0.032	0.393
Age⟶resilience	0.02	0.016	0.281
Age⟶mindfulness	0.02	0.005	0.549
Age⟶ACEs	-0.09	0.006	0.011
Age⟶WPS	-0.03	0.004	0.335
Gender⟶resilience	-0.03	0.103	0.440
Gender⟶mindfulness	-0.11	0.031	0.002
Gender⟶ACEs	0.23	0.040	<0.001
Gender⟶WPS	0.25	0.028	<0.001