Tobacco Use and Cessation among a Nationally Representative Sample of Men in India, 2019–2021
Table 4
Unadjusted and adjusted effect of any tobacco use, smoking cigarette, and smoking bidi by background characteristics among 15-49 years of the men in India.
Any tobacco use
Smoking cigarette
Smoking bidi
Unadjusted odds ratio
CI at 95%
Adjusted odds ratio
CI at 95%
Unadjusted odds ratio
CI at 95%
Adjusted odds ratio
CI at 95%
Unadjusted odds ratio
CI at 95%
Adjusted odds ratio
CI at 95%
Age
15-19 (ref)
20-34
3.85
3.68-4.03
4.97
4.73-5.22
2.94
2.74-3.15
3.16
2.94-3.4
3.87
3.47-4.32
4.37
3.89-4.9
35-49
6.43
6.14-6.74
7.38
7.02-7.77
2.96
2.77-3.18
3.11
2.89-3.35
9.31
8.36-10.37
8.88
7.93-9.95
Residence
Urban (ref)
Rural
1.48
1.44-1.53
0.84
0.81-0.88
0.90
0.86-0.93
0.72
0.68-0.75
1.79
1.89-0.02
1.07
1-1.14
Schooling
No schooling (ref)
Primary
1.02
0.97-1.08
1.15
1.08-1.22
1.15
1.07-1.24
1.18
1.09-1.27
0.89
0.83-0.95
0.99
0.92-1.07
Secondary
0.39
0.38-0.41
0.72
0.68-0.75
0.90
0.85-0.95
1.11
1.04-1.18
0.31
0.30-0.33
0.53
0.5-0.57
Higher
0.18
0.17-0.19
0.34
0.32-0.36
0.73
0.68-0.79
0.83
0.76-0.9
0.09
0.08-0.10
0.16
0.14-0.18
Religion
Hindu (ref)
Muslim
1.00
0.96-1.04
1.07
1.02-1.13
1.35
1.27-1.42
1.38
1.3-1.48
1.02
0.95-1.09
1.05
0.96-1.14
Others
1.23
1.18-1.28
1.12
1.07-1.17
2.82
1.27-2.96
2.54
2.41-2.67
1.58
1.49-1.67
1.41
1.32-1.51
Caste/tribe
Unreserved (ref)
OBC
1.19
1.15-1.24
0.97
0.93-1.01
0.79
0.75-0.83
0.81
0.76-0.86
1.10
1.03-1.18
0.89
0.83-0.96
SC/ST
1.84
1.77-1.91
1.22
1.16-1.27
1.49
1.41-1.57
1.19
1.12-1.26
2.02
1.90-2.16
1.28
1.19-1.38
Wealth quintile
Lowest (ref)
Second
0.68
0.66-0.71
0.73
0.7-0.76
1.08
1.02-1.14
1.08
1.02-1.15
0.76
0.72-0.80
0.93
0.87-0.98
Middle
0.48
0.46-0.50
0.51
0.49-0.53
0.98
0.93-1.04
0.99
0.93-1.05
0.51
0.48-0.54
0.70
0.66-0.75
Fourth
0.35
0.33-0.36
0.38
0.36-0.4
0.88
0.83-0.93
0.86
0.8-0.92
0.35
0.32-0.37
0.57
0.52-0.61
Highest
0.21
0.20-0.22
0.26
0.24-0.27
0.71
0.67-0.76
0.67
0.61-0.72
0.22
0.20-0.24
0.44
0.39-0.48
Significant at value ≤ 0.005, and significant at value ≤ 0.05.
