Research Article
Tobacco Use and Cessation among a Nationally Representative Sample of Men in India, 2019–2021
Table 5
Multivariable multilevel random and mixed effect logistic regression model for any tobacco use among men in India, NFHS-5.
(a) |
| | Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) | 95% confidence interval | | Lower limit | Upper limit |
| | Age | | | | | 15-19 (ref) | | | | | 20-34 | 9.70 | 8.9 | 10.47 | | 35-49 | 18.0 | 16.56 | 19.65 | | Residence | | | | | Urban (ref) | | | | | Rural | 0.88 | 0.82 | 0.95 | | Schooling | | | | | No schooling (ref) | | | | | Primary | 1.00 | 0.95 | 1.13 | | Secondary | 0.54 | 0.5 | 0.58 | | Higher | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.19 | | Religion | | | | | Hindu (ref) | | | | | Muslim | 1.08 | 0.99 | 1.19 | | Others | 0.80 | 0.71 | 0.89 | | Caste/tribe | | | | | Unreserved (ref) | | | | | OBC | 1.06 | 0.99 | 1.13 | | SC/ST | 1.40 | 1.3 | 1.5 | | Wealth quintile | | | | | Lowest (ref) | | | | | Second | 0.73 | 0.69 | 0.78 | | Middle | 0.55 | 0.51 | 0.6 | | Fourth | 0.41 | 0.38 | 0.49 | | Highest | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.31 |
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(b) |
| | Variance | Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) |
| | Random effect | | | | State | 0.78 | 15% | | PSU | 0.76 | 29% | | Household | 0.48 | 38% | | Mixed Effect | | | | State | 0.80 | 13% | | PSU | 1.07 | 29% | | Household | 1.19 | 48% |
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Significant at value ≤ 0.005. |
