|
| Measure [ref. number] | Description | Calculation |
|
| Psychosocial variables | | |
| Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depressed Mood (CES-D) (20 items) [53] | Assesses symptoms of depressed mood | Participants were asked to rate their endorsement of 20 items on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (rarely or none of the time) to 4 (most or all of the time). Four of the items were reverse-scored. The questionnaire was summed. Lower scores are associated with less depressive symptomatology. |
| Perceived stress scale (PSS) (14 items) [54, 55] | Used to assess the perceived level of stress the participant may be experiencing. | Participants were asked to rate how often they felt a certain way using a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Positive items (7) were reversed scored. Scores were summed. Lower scores suggest lower levels of stress. |
| Perceived social support scale [56] | Assesses general social support | Participants were asked to rate their agreement for each situation on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (very strongly disagree) to 7 (very strongly agree). Scores were totaled. Higher scores indicated greater social support. |
|
| Smoking variables | | |
| Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence (FTND) (6 items) [57] | Assessment of the degree of nicotine dependence | The 6 items are coded and totaled. Scores range from 0 to 10. Higher totals indicate greater dependence. |
| Minnesota withdrawal scale (MWS) (9 items) [58, 59] | Assessment of nicotine withdrawal symptoms | Participants rated the degree to which they experienced the 9 symptoms on a scale from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). A mean is extracted. Higher numbers indicate greater symptomatology. |
| Self-efficacy for quitting smoking/temptation to smoke (9 items) [60] | Assesses temptation to smoke in 3 distinct areas (habit, positive, and negative social situations). | Participants rate the degree to which they are tempted to smoke on the 9 items (3 items for each category). Scores range from 0 (not tempted at all) to 4 (extremely tempted). Scores are summed. Higher scores indicate a higher level of temptation. |
| Partner interaction questionnaire (20 items) [61] | Assesses the degree of positive or negative support, given to the participants’ smoking cessation efforts, from a spouse, partner, other | Participants were asked to rate their agreement for each item on a Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Scores were summed for each subscale (positive or negative). Higher scores are associated with greater positive/negative support |
| Confidence in staying quit permanently (1 item) | Assesses the level of confidence that the participant has in remaining free from smoking. | Confidence levels are rated on a 10-point Likert-type scale with 0 indicating not at all confident and 10 indicating extremely confident. A higher score is associated with greater confidence. |
| Motivated to quit smoking (1 item) | Assesses motivation to quit smoking. | Assesses motivation to quit smoking using a 10-point Likert-type scale 0 indicating not at all motivated to 10 indicative of being extremely motivated. A higher score is associated with greater motivation. |
|
| Physical activity variables | | |
| Physical activity stage of change (5 items) [64] | Assesses stages of change in exercise. | Participants selected the statement that most accurately described. |
| Physical activity decisional balance (10 items) [62] | Assesses positive and negative aspects of exercise. | Participants rated the importance of aspects of exercise on a Likert-type scale from 1 (not important) to 5 (very important). Two subscales (sum of 5 positive and 5 negative items) were created. Higher scores indicate greater positive/negative attitudes toward exercise. |
| Self-efficacy for physical activity (6 items) [63] | Assesses confidence in continuing to engage in exercise when life events (e.g., rain) intrude. | Participants rated how confident they were to continue exercising on a Likert-type scale from 1 (not at all confident) to 5 (completely confident). A mean score was used for analyses. Higher scores suggest greater confidence levels. |
| Their current and recent activity levels and future intentions representing the stages of exercise behavior change. |
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