The Efficacy of Individualized, Community-Based Physical Activity to Aid Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 2

Baseline characteristics of LEAP participants (mean (SD)or (%)).

Variable	Physical activity; 199	Wellness; 193
Demographic measures
Age (yrs)	44.6 (9.9)	44.6 (10.4)
Gender, n (%)
Male	70 (35.2)	79 (40.9)
Ethnicity, n (%)
Hispanic	0 (0.0)	4 (2.1)
Not Hispanic	198 (99.5)	186 (96.4)
Missing	1 (0.5)	3 (1.6)
Race, n (%)
White	131 (65.8)	130 (67.4)
AA	64 (32.2)	57 (29.5)
Other	4 (2.0)	6 (3.1)
Marital, n (%)
Never	28 (14.1)	34 (17.6)
Married/cohabiting	96 (48.2)	102 (52.9)
Divorced/Sep.	67 (33.7)	53 (27.5)
Widowed	8 (4.0)	4 (2.1)
Education, completed college n (%)
College graduate	43 (21.6)	38 (19.7)
Or >	11 (5.5)	11 (5.7)
Psychosocial
Depressive symptoms (CES-D)	11.3 (9.4)	12.7 (10.4)
Perceived stress	22.1 (7.5)	22.4 (8.9)
Perceived social support	66.9 (14.5)	65.6 (14.7)
Tobacco use
Total years smoking	23.6 (9.8)	24.0 (11.7)
No. quit attempts, n (%)
Never	19 (9.6)	25 (13.0)
1-5 times	115 (58.4)	104 (53.9)
6-10 times	30 (15.2)	33 (17.1)
11-15 times	10 (5.1)	8 (4.1)
16 or more times	23 (11.7)	23 (11.9)
Fagerström test of nicotine dependence	4.7 (2.3)	5.1 (2.3)
Nicotine withdrawal symptoms	0.93 (.62)	1.02 (.74)
Self-efficacy for quitting smoking/temptation to smoke
Habit	3.52 (.90)	3.60 (.87)
Positive affect/social situations	3.91 (.79)	3.86 (.87)
Negative affect situations	4.38 (.73)	4.24 (.75)
Support to quit (positive)	14.2 (11.4)	13.7 (10.6)
Support to quit (negative)	14.9 (10.8)	13.4 (11.2)
Confident can stay quit	8.1 (2.1)	8.0 (2.1)
Motivation to quit smoking	8.8 (1.5)	8.8 (1.3)
Physical activity
Positive PA attitude	20.2 (4.3)	20.3 (4.4)
Negative PA attitude	6.4 (2.1)	6.6 (2.5)
Self-efficacy for PA	18.7 (5.9)	17.8 (5.7)