|
| First author (reference) | Country | Year of publication | Type of study | Population | Age | Gender | Smoking history |
|
| Alghamdi, S.A. [29] | Saudi Arabia | 2020 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 146,793 patients (from 11 studies) | 55.2 y (mean age) | Male:55.4% | Smokers: 11,973
Nonsmokers: 134,820 |
| Baker, J [30] | USA | 2022 | Systematic review | 39 studies (populations varied from 101 to 406,793) | N/A | N/A | Smokers were ranging from 1.95% to 81.1% of populations |
| Farsalinos, K [31] | Greece | 2020 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 6,515 patients (18 published studies)
10,631 patients (prepublications) | N/A | N/A | 440 smokers (out of 6115 pts)
961 smokers (out of 10631 pts) |
| Gonzalez-Rubio, J [32] | Spain | 2020 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 5,023 pts (18 studies) | N/A | 53.2% male | Current smokers: 7.7% |
| Grundy, E. J [33] | UK | 2020 | Review of reviews | Varies from 17 to 387,109 pts for each of the included studies in studies (8 studies) | N/A | N/A | Patients divided in smokers, ex-smokers, and nonsmokers groups |
| Gulsen, A [34] | Turkey | 2020 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 10,797 patients (16 studies) | Mean age range: 38 to 62.2 y | N/A | Average smoking prevalence: 8.4%
Range: 3.6 to 19.9% |
| Hou, H [35] | China | 2021 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 863,313 (73 articles) | N/A | N/A | Current smokers and former smokers |
| Kang, S [36] | China | 2021 | Systematic reviews | 7041 (21 studies) | N/A | N/A | 14.0% (984) had a history of smoking |
| Karanasos, A [27] | Greece | 2020 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 6310 patients (18 studies) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Kumar, R [37] | China (PRC), USA, and Europe | 2021 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 12037 (19 studies) | Age ranged from 23 to 91 years | 55.68% male
42.76% females | N/A |
| Li, J [38] | China | 2021 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 2445 patients (12 studies) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Luo, S [39] | China | 2022 | Systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies | 50 studies | N/A | N/A | Smoking include smoking initiation, smoking heaviness, and lifetime smoking |
| Mahamat-Saleh, Y [40] | France | 2021 | Systematic reviews and meta-analyses | 186 studies
1,304,587 patients (210 447 deaths) (186 studies) | N/A | N/A | Former and current smoker |
| Mattey-Mora, PP [41] | USA | 2022 | Systematic reviews | 1,002,006 patients (188,597 hospitalized patients) (40 study) | Mean age 44–68.8 years (from 11 study)
Mean age 41–66.1 (from 11 study)
18 study not mentioned on age | N/A | Current/past smoking |
| Mesas, AE [42] | Spain | 2020 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 51,225 patients from 60 studies | Mean age range: 40-73 year | N/A | Current smokers and nonsmokers |
| Minh, LHN [43] | Japan | 2021 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 62,949 patients from 148 studies | N/A | N/A | Current smoker, external smoker, and never smoker |
| Patanavanich, R [44] | USA | 2021 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 22,939 patients from 46 studies | N/A | N/A | Current smokers, ex-smokers, and nonsmokers |
| Patanavanich, R [45] | Thailand | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 35,193 patients from 34 articles | Mean age 63.5 years | N/A | Current smokers, former smokers, and never smokers |
| Plasencia-Urizarri, TM [46] | Cuba | 2020 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 99,817 patients from 13 studies | N/A | N/A | Smokers and nonsmokers |
| Pranata, R [47] | Indonesia | 2020 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 4603 patients from 21 studies | >17 years | N/A | Current smokers, former smokers, and nonsmokers |
| Reddy, RK [28] | UK | 2020 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 32 849 hospitalized COVID-19 patients from 47 studies | N/A | N/A | 8417 (25.6%) patients with a smoking history, comprising 1501 current smokers, 5676 former smokers, and 1240 unspecified smokers |
| Sanchez-Ramirez, DC [48] | Canada | 2020 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 13,184 COVID-19 patients from 22 studies | N/A | 55% males | Current smokers, former smokers, and nonsmokers |
| Taylor, EH [49] | South Africa | 2021 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 44,305 patients from 58 studies | Mean age of 61.8 (60.7–63.0) years | 68.9% males | Smokers and nonsmokers |
| Umnuaypornlert, A [50] | Thailand | 2021 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 369287 patients from 40 studies | Mean age 54.10 years | N/A | Current smokers, former smokers, and nonsmokers |
| Vardavas, C.I [18] | USA | 2020 | Sys review | Ranged from 41 to 1099 (5 studies) | N/A | N/A | Current smokers, former smokers, and nonsmokers |
| Zhang, H [51] | USA, China | 2021 | Sys review and meta-analysis | 517020 pts(109 studies) | N/A | N/A | Patients divided to current smokers, former smokers, and never smoking group |
| Zhang, T [52] | China | 2020 | Sys review, meta-analysis and metaregression | Varies from 21 to 476 (16 studies) | Mean or median age varies from 39 to70.7y | Male is the dominant sex in 11 studies | Current smokers, former smokers, and nonsmokers |
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