Clinical Study
Recurrence of Congenital Heart Disease in Cases with Familial Risk
Screened Prenatally by Echocardiography
Table 1
Recurrence of congenital heart defects in cases with single- and multiple-familial risk.
| Index case with CHD | Total cases n. | Affected cases n. | Recurrence rate % |
| Single risk—total | 1477 | 60 | 4.06 | Previous child | 818 | 29 | 3.5 | Mother alone | 250 | 13 | 5.2 | Father alone | 93 | 7 | 7.5 | One relative II°-III° | 316 | 11 | 3.5 |
| Double cases risk | 137 | 4 | 2.9 | 2 previous children | 22 | 1 | 4.5 | 1 previous child + 1 relative | 23 | — | — | Mother + another relative | 26 | 2 | 7.7 | + 1 previous child | 8 | 1 | 11.1 | + father | 3 | 1 | 6.7 | + 1 relative | 15 | | | Father + another relatives | 19 | 1 | 5.3 | + prev. child | 12 | 1 | 8.3 | + 1 relative | 7 | — | — | 2 relatives II°-III° | 47 | — | — |
| Multiple cases risk | 20 | 1 | 5 | 2 prev children + 1 relative | 2 | — | — | Mother + prev. child or 2–4 relatives | 5 | 1 | 20.0 | Father + 2 relatives | 3 | — | — | 3-4 relatives II°-III° | 10 | — | — |
| Total double + multiple risk | 157 | 5 | 3.2 |
| Total series | 1634 | 65 | 3.98 |
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