Catecholamines Mediate Multiple Fetal Adaptations during Placental Insufficiency That Contribute to Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Lessons from Hyperthermic Sheep

Table 1

Hormone profiles in ovine and human PI-IUGR fetuses and neonates.¹

Hormone	Ovine				Human
	Prenatal		Neonatal^2		Prenatal		Neonatal^3
	Control	IUGR	Control	IUGR	Control	IUGR	Control	IUGR
Norepinephrine, pg/mL	636	2564	1073	?	132	1031	6500^4	7400^4
Epinephrine, pg/mL	Below detection	<40	394	?	Below detection	<180	360^4	380^4
Cortisol, ng/mL	4.4	4.4	28	19	1.66	1.13	1.24	0.96
Basal insulin, ng/mL	0.28	0.09	0.74	0.73	0.98	0.54	0.48	0.48
GSIS insulin, ng/mL	0.60	0.14	4.16	8.05	4.91	0.58	2.15	3.83
Glucagon, pg/mL	39.8	79.0	139	?	133	259	87	78

¹Data from [4, 6, 56–68] (S. W. Limesand, unpublished).
²Preruminal lambs, 8–21 days of age.
³Infants, <1 yr of age.
⁴Measured in urine samples, normalized to creatinine concentration.