Journal of Pregnancy

Copyright © 2012 Olabisi M. Loto and Ibraheem Awowole. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

1. “Facts about health in African Subregion,” Fact sheet N^∘314 World Health Organisation, 2011.
2. “2010/2011 tuberculosis global fact; World Health Organisation,” http://www.who.int/tb/country/en/index.html, Nov. 2010.
3. “Global tuberculosis control: a short update to the 2009 report,” Tech. Rep., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, (WHO/HTM/TB/2009.426), 2009.
4. “Global tuberculosis control 2010,” Tech. Rep., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, (WHO/HTM/TB/2010.), 2010.
5. National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme, Workers Manual, Federal Ministry of Health of Nigeria, Department of Public Health, Nigeria, Abuja, 4th edition, 2004.
6. P. G. Marjorie and R. V. Holenarasipur, “Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: an overview,” American Family Physician, vol. 72, no. 9, pp. 1761–1768, 2005. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
7. G. Schaefer, I. A. Zervoudakis, F. F. Fuchs, and S. David, “Pregnancy and pulmonary tuberculosis,” Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 706–715, 1975. View at Google Scholar
8. M. Knight, J. J. Kurinczuk, and C. Nelson-Piercy, “Tuberculosis in pregnancy in the UK,” BJOG, vol. 116, no. 4, pp. 584–588, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
9. D. Snider Jr., “Pregnancy and tuberculosis,” Chest, vol. 86, no. 3, 1984. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
10. J. G. Vallejo and J. R. Starke, “Tuberculosis and pregnancy,” Clinics in Chest Medicine, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 693–707, 1992. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
11. D. E. Snider, P. M. Layde, M. W. Johnson, and M. A. Lyle, “Treatment of tuberculosis during pregnancy,” American Review of Respiratory Disease, vol. 122, no. 1, pp. 65–79, 1980. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
12. E. Hedvall, “Pregnancy and tuberculosis,” Acta Medica Scandinavica, vol. 147, supplement 1286, pp. 1–101, 1953. View at Google Scholar
13. P. Ormerod, “Tuberculosis in pregnancy and the puerperium,” Thorax, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 494–499, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
14. N. K. Jain, “Safety of anti-tuberculosis drugs in pregnancy,” in Proceedings of the National Conference on Pulmonary Diseases (NAPCON '01), vol. 33, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 2001.
15. J. Kishan, Sailaja, and S. Kaur, “Tuberculosis and pregnancy,” in Proceedings of the National Conference on Pulmonary Diseases (NAPCON '01), Mumbai, Maharashtra, Nov 2001.
16. Health Protection Agency, Pregnancy and Tuberculosis: Guidance for Clinicians, Health Protection Agency, London, UK, 2006.
17. T. Pillay, M. Khan, J. Moodley, M. Adhikari, and H. Coovadia, “Perinatal tuberculosis and HIV-1: considerations for resource-limited settings,” Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 155–165, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
18. N. Jana, K. Vasishta, S. K. Jindal et al., “Perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis,” International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 119–124, 1994. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
19. M. Cantwell, D. E. Snider Jr., G. M. Cauthen, and I. M. Onorato, “Epidemiology of tuberculosis in the United States, 1985 through 1992,” JAMA, vol. 272, no. 7, pp. 535–539, 1994. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
20. J. R. Starke, “Tuberculosis: an old disease but a new threat to the mother, fetus, and neonate,” Clinics in Perinatology, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 107–127, 1997. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
21. M. A. Hamadeh and J. Glassroth, “Tuberculosis and pregnancy,” Chest, vol. 101, no. 4, pp. 1114–1120, 1992. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
22. M. R. Cantwell, Z. M. Shehab, A. M. Costello et al., “Brief report: congenital tuberculosis,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 330, no. 15, pp. 1051–1054, 1994. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
23. R. Nemir and D. O'Hare, “Congenital tuberculosis,” American Journal of Diseases of Children, vol. 139, no. 3, pp. 284–287, 1985. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
24. B. L. Varudkar, “Short course chemotherapy for tuberculosis in children,” The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 52, no. 419, pp. 593–597, 1985. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
25. Medical Research Council Tuberculosis and Chest Disease Unit, “Management and outcome of chemotherapy for childhood tuberculosis,” Archives of Disease in Childhood, vol. 64, no. 7, pp. 1004–1012, 1989. View at Google Scholar
26. J. Biddulph, “Short course chemotherapy for childhood tuberculosis,” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 793–801, 1990. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
27. R. F. C. Doveren and R. Block, “Tuberculosis and pregnancy: a provincial study (1990-1996),” Netherlands Journal of Medicine, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 100–106, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
28. J. T. Good, M. D. Iseman, and P. T. Davidson, “Tuberculosis in association with pregnancy,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 140, no. 5, pp. 492–498, 1981. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
29. E. J. Carter and S. Mates, “Tuberculosis during pregnancy: the Rhode Island experience, 1987 to 1991,” Chest, vol. 106, no. 5, pp. 1466–1470, 1994. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
30. M. T. Medchill and M. Gillum, “Diagnosis and management of tuberculosis during pregnancy,” Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 81–84, 1989. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
31. R. Finn, C. A. St Hill, A. Govan, I. G. Ralfs, F. J. Gurney, and V. Denye, “Immunological responses in pregnancy and survival of fetal homograft,” British medical journal, vol. 3, no. 819, pp. 150–152, 1972. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
32. P. Present and G. W. Comstock, “Tuberculin sensitivity in pregnancy,” American Review of Respiratory Disease, vol. 112, no. 3, pp. 413–416, 1975. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
33. N. L. Eriksen and A. W. Helfgott, “Cutaneous anergy in pregnant and non-pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus,” Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 6, pp. 13–17, 1998. View at Google Scholar
34. L. M. Mofenson, E. M. Rodriguez, R. Hershow et al., “Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in pregnant and nonpregnant women infected with HIV in the women and infants transmission study,” Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 155, no. 10, pp. 1066–1071, 1995. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
35. T. E. Nolan, T. L. Espinosa, and J. G. Pastorek, “Tuberculosis skin testing in pregnancy: trends in a population,” Journal of Perinatology, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 199–201, 1997. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
36. J. B. Bass Jr., L. S. Farer, P. C. Hopewell et al., “Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children,” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 149, no. 5, pp. 1359–1374, 1994. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
37. The Global Plan to Stop Tb 2011-2015: Transforming the Fight Towards Elimination of Tuberculosis, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2010.
38. Pathways to Better Diagnostics for Tuberculosis; A Blueprint for Development of TB Diagnostics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2009.
39. Centre for Disease Control, “Treatment of tuberculosis,” MMWR, vol. 52, no. RR-11, pp. 1–77, 2003. View at Google Scholar
40. Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society, “Chemotherapy and management of tuberculosis:recommendations 1998,” Thorax, vol. 53, pp. 536–548, 1998. View at Google Scholar
41. Singapore Tuberculosis Service and British Medical Research Council, “Clinical trial of six-month and four-month chemotherapy in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. The results up to 30 months,” Tubercle, vol. 62, pp. 95–102, 1981. View at Google Scholar
42. East and Central African and British Medical Research Council, “Clinical controlled trial of four short course regimens of chemotherapy (three six-months and one eight months) for pulmonary tuberculosis,” Tubercle, vol. 64, pp. 153–166, 1983. View at Google Scholar
43. British Thoracic Society, “A controlled trial of 6 month's chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis. Final report: results during the 36 months after the end of chemotherapy and beyond,” British Journal of Diseases of the Chest, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 330–336, 1984. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
44. L. P. Ormerod, “Chemotherapy of tuberculosis,” European Respiratory Monograph, vol. 2, supplement 4, pp. 273–297, 1997. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
45. J. H. Tran and P. Montakantikul, “The safety of antituberculosis medications during breastfeeding,” Journal of Human Lactation, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 337–340, 1998. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
46. G. Bothamley, “Drug treatment for tuberculosis during pregnancy: safety considerations,” Drug Safety, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 553–565, 2001. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
47. T. Lewitt, L. Nebel, S. Terracina, and S. Karman, “Ethambutol in pregnancy: observations on embryogenesis,” Chest, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 25–26, 1974. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
48. G. D. Anderson, “Tuberculosis in pregnancy,” Seminars in Perinatology, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 328–335, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
49. Management, Control and Prevention of Tuberculosis; Guidelines for Health Care Providers (2002–2005), Department of Human Services, Victoria, Australia, 2002.
50. H. M. Blumberg, W. J. Burman, R. E. Chaisson et al., “American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America: treatment of tuberculosis,” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 167, no. 4, pp. 603–662, 2003. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
51. Anon, “Treatment of tuberculosis,” MMWR Recommendations and Reports, vol. 52, pp. 1–77, 2003. View at Google Scholar
52. J. G. Bartlett, “Guidelines section,” Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice, vol. 11, pp. 467–471, 2002. View at Google Scholar
53. D. Heilman, F. Heilman, H. Hinshaw et al., “Streptomycin: absorption, diffusion, excretion and toxicity,” The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, vol. 210, pp. 576–584, 1945. View at Google Scholar
54. J. Woltz and M. Wiley, “Transmission of streptomycin from maternal blood to the fetal circulation and amniotic fluid,” Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, vol. 60, pp. 106–107, 1945. View at Google Scholar
55. J. T. Good, M. D. Iseman, and P. T. Davidson, “Tuberculosis in association with pregnancy,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 140, no. 5, pp. 492–498, 1981. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
56. I. Khan and A. Azam, “Study of teratogenic activity of trifluoperazine,amitriptyline, ethionamide and thalidomide in pregnant rabbits and mice,” Proceedings of the European Society for the Study of Drug Toxicity, vol. 10, pp. 235–242, 1969. View at Google Scholar
57. S. Takekoschi, “Effects of hydroxymethylpyrimidine on isoniazid and ethionamide induced teratosis,” Gunma Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 14, pp. 233–244, 1965. View at Google Scholar
58. J. L. Schardein, Chemically Induced Birth Defects, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, USA, 3rd edition, 2000.
59. J. T. Good, M. D. Iseman, and P. T. Davidson, “Tuberculosis in association with pregnancy,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 140, no. 5, pp. 492–498, 1981. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
60. S. Sonya, D. Guerra, M. Rich et al., “Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis during pregnancy: a report of 7 cases,” Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 996–1003, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
61. L. K. Pickering, C. J. Baker, S. S. Long, and J. A. McMillan, Red Book: 2006 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Ill, USA, 27th edition, 2006.
62. Central TB Division, Managing the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme in your area – A training course; Modules 1-4, New Delhi, India, 2001.
63. Management, Control and Prevention of Tuberculosis. Guidelines for Health Care Providers (2002–2005), Department of Human Services, Victoria, Australia, 2002.
64. M. Khan, T. Pillay, J. M. Moodley, C. A. Connolly, and the Durban Perinatal TB HIV-1 Study Group, “Maternal mortality associated with tuberculosis-HIV-1 co-infection in Durban, South Africa,” AIDS, vol. 15, no. 14, pp. 1857–1863, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
65. “CDC. Managing Drug Interactions in the Treatment of HIV-Related Tuberculosis [online],” http://www.cdc.gov/tb/TB_HIV_Drugs/default.htm, 2007.
66. Departments of Health, Immunisation Against Infectious Disease, HMSO, London ,UK, 1996.
67. W. J. Burman, “Issues in the management of HIV-related tuberculosis,” Clinics in Chest Medicine, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 283–294, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
68. A. Jindani, A. J. Nunn, and D. A. Enarson, “Two 8-month regimens of chemotherapy for treatment of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis: international multicentre randomised trial,” Lancet, vol. 364, no. 9441, pp. 1244–1251, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
69. A. Okwera, C. Whalen, F. Byekwaso, and The Makerere University-Case Western University Research Collaboration, “Randomised trial of thiacetazone and rifampicincontaining regimens for pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-infected Ugandans,” Lancet, vol. 344, no. 8933, pp. 1323–1328, 1994. View at Google Scholar
70. L. Sarner and A. Fakoya, “Acute onset lactic acidosis and pancreatitis in the third trimester of pregnancy in HIV-1 positive women taking antiretroviral medication,” Sexually Transmitted Infections, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 58–59, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
71. E. Perucca, R. Grimaldi, G. M. Frigo, A. Sardi, H. Monig, and E. E. Ohnhaus, “Comparative effects of rifabutin and rifampicin on hepatic microsomal enzyme activity in normal subjects,” European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 595–599, 1988. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
72. A. Gupta, U. Nayak, M. Ram et al., “Postpartum tuberculosis incidence and mortality among HIV-infected women and their infants in Pune, India, 2002-2005,” Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 241–249, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
73. WHO, Guideline for intensified tuberculosis case finding and isoniazide preventive therapy for people living with HIV, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2011.