Eclampsia Characteristics and Outcomes: A Comparison of Two Eras

Table 1

Characteristics of eclampsia cases.

Characteristic	Antenatal cases; [n/𝑡^∗ (%) or; mean ± SD]	Postnatal cases; [n/𝑡^∗ (%) or; mean ± SD]	P value	Early eclampsia; [n/𝑡^∗ (%) or; mean ± SD]	Late eclampsia [n/𝑡^∗ (%) or; mean ± SD]	P value	All cases [n/𝑡^∗ (%) or; mean ± SD]
Maternal age (years)	22.35±6.4	22.44±6.0	0.954	22.81±6.2	22.12±6.5	0.691	22.38±6.2
Race
African American	54/62 (87%)	22/25 (88%)	>0.99	15/21 (71%)	39/41 (95%)	0.479	76/87 (87%)
Caucasian	6/62 (10%)	3/25 (12%)	>0.99	5/21 (24%)	1/41 (2%)	0.054	9/87 (10%)
Hispanic	2/62 (3%)	0/25 (0%)	>0.99	1/21 (5%)	1/41 (2%)	>0.99	2/87 (2%)
Primigravida	37/62 (60%)	9/25 (36%)	0.045	13/21 (62%)	24/41 (59%)	0.131	46/87 (53%)
Vaginal delivery	15/61 (25%)	20/25 (80%)	<0.001	1/21 (5%)	14/40 (35%)	0.015	35/86 (41%)
C/S not preceded by labor	30/61 (49%)	0/25 (0%)	<0.001	16/21 (76%)	14/40 (35%)	0.066	30/86 (35%)
C/S preceded by labor	16/61 (26%)	5/25 (20%)	0.753	4/21 (19%)	12/40 (30%)	0.545	21/86 (24%)
Induction of labor	21/57 (37%)	11/22 (50%)	0.316	2/19 (11%)	17/38 (45%)	0.144	32/79 (41%)
Assisted delivery	5/52 (10%)	1/24 (4%)	0.658	0/19 (0%)	5/33 (15%)	0.145	6/76 (8%)
Mean GA at delivery (weeks)	34.1 ± 5.1	38.4 ± 2	<0.001	27.9 ± 2.3	37.3 ± 2.6	<0.001	35.3 ± 4.8
Chronic hypertension	4/61 (7%)	0/25 (0%)	0.318	3/21 (14%)	1/40 (3%)	0.113	4/86 (5%)
Diabetes mellitus	1/61 (2%)	0/25 (0%)	>0.99	0/21 (0%)	1/40 (3%)	>0.99	1/86 (1%)
Underlying renal disease	0/60 (0%)	0/24 (0%)	—^†	0/20 (0%)	0/40 (0%)	—^†	0/84 (0%)
Highest uric acid (mg/dL)	8±2.4	6.8±2	0.2	8.7±0.6	7.7±0.4	0.204	7.6±2.3
Highest systolic BP (mm Hg)	181.05±23.6	168.23±21.1	0.027	181±25	181±23	0.991	178±24
Highest diastolic BP (mm Hg)	111.8±16.3	101.48±12.1	0.01	112±17	111±16	0.857	109±16
Highest AST (mg/dL)	93.2±294.2	35±18.9	0.245	179±490	48±62	0.191	77±250
Highest LDH (mg/dL)	453.9±619.9	405.4±363.2	0.165	706±977	318±199	0.225	440±554
Lowest platelet count	198±78	312±109	<0.001	161±85	218±67	0.006	231±101
Highest creatinine (mg/dL)	0.96±0.29	0.89±0.30	0.349	0.91±0.2	0.99±0.3	0.239	0.94±0.3
≥1+ proteinuria	28/34 (82%)	7/18 (39%)	0.002	11/12 (92%)	17/22 (77%)	0.389	35/52 (67%)
Headache	36/56 (64%)	16/24 (67%)	0.838	12/19 (63%)	24/37 (65%)	0.9	52/80 (65%)
Visual disturbances	15/56 (27%)	5/24 (21%)	0.779	3/19 (16%)	12/37 (32%)	0.22	20/80 (25%)
RUQ or epigastric pain	4/56 (7%)	1/24 (4%)	>0.99	2/19 (11%)	2/37 (5%)	0.598	5/80 (6%)

Mean highest laboratory values refer to those obtained during hospital admission.
LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; SD: standard deviation; BP: blood pressure; CS: cesarean section; GA: gestational age; RUQ: right upper quadrant.
* 𝑡: total of cases in which information about the characteristic being studied is available; n: number of cases with the characteristic being studied.
^†Unable to obtain.